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Yr 10-11 Physics > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is day and night caused by

A

the earth spinning on its axis
one revolution takes 24 hours

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2
Q

which way does the sun travel across the sky

A

the earths rotation causes the sun to go east to west
(rise in the east)

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3
Q

why do the seasons change

A

due to the motion of the earth
due to the tilt of the earth

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4
Q

how does the tilt of the earth change the seasons

A

the tilt is 23.5
during spring and summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun so that the hours of daylight are greater. it recieves more solar radiation making it warm

during winter and autumn, the southern hemispher is tilted towards the sun

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5
Q

what is the moon

A

a satellite of the earth that travels in an approximately circular orbit
rotates on its own axis and orbit takes around a month

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6
Q

why does only one side of the moon show at all times

A

because it revolves on its own axis

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7
Q

why can we see the moon

A

due to reflected sunlight
doesnt produce any light by itself

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8
Q

how to find average orbital speed

A

circumference of the orbit/ time
2 x pi x radius
———————
time

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9
Q

what way does the moon rise

A

in the east and sets in the west

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10
Q

what does the solar system consist of

A

1 star(sun) and eight planets

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11
Q

what are the 4 inner planets

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars

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12
Q

what are the 4 outer planets

A

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

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13
Q

what are all the planets in order, from the sun

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

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14
Q

features of the inner planets

A

they are small, solid and rocky.
also have high densities

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15
Q

features of the outer planets

A

large, cold and mainly consist of gases
density is low
have many moons and satellites

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16
Q

what are dwarf planets

A

like pluto
generally low density and thought to be composed of rock and ice

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17
Q

what are asteroids

A

rocks of various sizes which mostly orbit the sun between mars and jupiter
density is similar to that of inner planets

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18
Q

what is the accretion process

A

as material continued to rotate around the sun, gravitational attraction between small particles cause them to join together and grow in size

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19
Q

how was the sun formed

A

when gravitational attraction pulled together swirling clouds of hydrogen and gas( known as nebulae) in a region of space where the density is high

20
Q

why are the inner planets made up of materials with high melting temperatures

A

as the sun grew in size , it became hotter and lighter molecules such as hydrogen wont be able to exist in a solid state

21
Q

why are the outer planets less dense

A

because theyre further away from the sun, light molecules can exist in a solid icy form

22
Q

what does the gravitational field strength of a planet depend on

A

the mass of the planet
the distance of the object from the planet

23
Q

what happens when distance from the sun inreases

A

suns gravitational field decreases
orbital speeds of the planets decrease

24
Q

why do planets orbit the sun

A

because the sun contains most of the mass of the solar system

25
Q

how do objects with large elliptical orbits change speeds as they move around the sun

A

speed increases as it approaches the sun and decreases as it moves further away
some of the kinetic energy it has is transferred into potential energy as it moves away

26
Q

features of the sun

A

a medium sized star, consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium. It radiates its energy in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic specrtum

27
Q

how are stars powered

A

through nuclear reactions that release energy and in stable stars, nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium occurs

28
Q

what are galaxies made up of

A

many billions of stars

29
Q

what is our galaxy known as

A

the milky way

30
Q

what are light years

A

they are the distance traveled in space by light in one year
used to measure astronomical distances

31
Q

how much is one light year

A

9.5 x 10^15 m

32
Q

what are stars formed from

A

interstellar clouds of gas and dust that contain hydrogen

33
Q

what is a protostar

A

an interstellar cloud collapsing and increasing in temperature as a result of its internal gravitational attraction

34
Q

when do protostars become stable stars

A

when the inward force of gravitational attraction is balanced by an outward force due to the high temperature in the center of the star

35
Q

what happens when the star eventually runs out of hydrogen

A

there is no more energy for nuclear reactions
most stars expand to form red supergiants when most of the hydrogen has been converted to helium

36
Q

what happens if a red giant is formed with a less massive star

A

a planetary nebula with a white dwarf star in the center is formed

37
Q

what happens to red supergiants

A

it explodes as a supernova, forming a nebula containing hydrogen and new heavier elements, leaving behind a neutron star or a black hole

38
Q

what is the diameter of the milky way

A

apporximately 100000 light year

39
Q

what is redshift

A

an increase in the observed wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from receding stars and galaxies
light emitted from distant galaxies appear redshifted in comparison to light on earth

40
Q

what does redshift help prove

A

it provides evidence that the universe is expanding and supports the big bang theory

41
Q

what is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

A

microwave radiation of a specific frequency that is observed at all points in space around
was produced shortly after the Universe was formed

42
Q

how can the speed of which a galaxy is moving away from earth be found

A

from the change in wavelength of the galaxy’s starlight due to redshift

43
Q

how can the distance of a far galaxy be determined

A

using the brightness of a supernova in that galaxy

44
Q

what is the hubble constant

A

the ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the earth to its distance from the earth

can be found with : speed of galaxy moving away(v) / distance of galaxy(D)

45
Q

what is the current estimate of the hubble constant

A

2.2 x 10^-18

46
Q

equation that estimates the age of the universe

A

d/v = 1/ hubble constant

Yr 10-11 Physics (7 decks)

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