Unit 6

Question 1

Who was the united province of Canada created by?What did it do

Answer 1

• the Act of Union in 1841
• the act of union united the British colonies of Upper and Lower Canada but did not resolve the issues that had created the Rebellions of 1837 in these two colonies.

Question 2

why the rebellions of Britain come out in 1837? why were they against them?

Answer 2

-came out largely because of Britian’s inability to respond to the concerns of the citizens in the Upper and Lower Canada.

Question 3

What Did the French-Canadians in Lower Canada want?

Answer 3

• more control over education and the spending of revenue generated in Lower Canada.
• the demands were made pressing by an economic recession and the plight of habitants after bad harvesters

Question 4

What did people in the Upper Canada want ?

Answer 4

-many of the rebels were American-born Loyalists who sought to decrease the control of the Church of England and to exert more influence in government.

Question 5

what is responsible government ?

Answer 5

is used to describe a government that is responsible or accountable to the people that elects it.

Question 6

What was the issue in Canada during early ages?

Answer 6

-government tended to only represent the wishes of the majority groups. The government tended to ignore the wishes of minority groups thereby creating friction in the colony.

Question 7

what was the first step to ensuring Canadians would be more self-governing ?

Answer 7

the principle of self-governing

Question 8

What did Baldwin not promote?

Answer 8

the idea of biculturalism or two cultures, French and English, in the province of Canada. Baldwin knew the importance of having English and French-speaking representatives in Parliament and this was the keystone to the recognition of French and English as the founding nations of Canada.

Question 9

Who was apart of the reformation of the responsible government in Canada.?

Answer 9

Baldwin and LaFontaine

Question 10

Who was Lafontaine?

Answer 10

-stated in politics as a supporter of Louis Joseph Papineau, a leader of 1837 rebellion in Lower Canada.Together they worked on preventing the union of Upper and Lower Canada.

Question 11

What was Lafontaine concerned about?

Answer 11

they were concerned that French culture would be lost because the British were a majority in many parts of the colony.
- he was against violent revolt and tried on occasion to persuade the British authorities to make constitutional reforms that would protect French language and culture.

Question 12

What did Lafontaine do when he was elected?

Answer 12

he refused to speak English in public debate. His actions led to the governor’s repealing of the Act of Union clause that prohibited the use of French.

• He also worked to pass legislation that compensated people in Lower Canada for their personal losses during the 1837 rebellion.
• He also helped pass a bill that allowed former rebels to return to Canada

Question 13

What is confederation?

Answer 13

the term used to describe the union of the British Canadian colonies of Ontario,Quebec,New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia in 1867.

Question 14

What was the idea behind Canadian Confederation?

Answer 14

was that individual colonies would create a political unit that allowed for individual members to retain a great degree of independence while providing a means of acting together for purposes such as defence.

Question 15

Where were the three key conferences the confederation was a decided upon?

Answer 15

• Charlottetown
• quebec
• London in Britain

Question 16

There were several internal and external factors that influenced the British Canadian colonies to from a confederation, what were the internal factors?

Answer 16

• Loss of free trade with the United States

- Political Deadlock between Upper and Lower Canada

Question 17

There were several internal and external factors that influenced the British Canadian colonies to from a confederation, what were the external factors?

Answer 17

• Manifest Destiny: ideology that the United States should expand across the north American continent. Would make the US a real threat to the independence of the British Canadian colonies
• The War of 1812 : when the United States declared war on Britain, the American attacks across the border prompted the British Canadian colonies to build defensive fortifications along the border after the war was over, the fortifications were intended to defend against American invasion in the future.
• American civil war: During the 1860s, the United States went through a civil war that pitted Southern states against Northern ones. Britain had openly supported the Southern states and after the Civil War ended, it was feared that the United States would at sometime seek revenge on the British Canadian colonies.

Question 18

What is federalism?

Answer 18

is a system that divides the power to make laws between a central or federal government and a number of provincial and territorial legislatures,

Question 19

Federalism gives which of the following levels of government power?

Answer 19

• Federal government

- Provincial and Territorial Governments

Question 20

what was the trans mountain pipeline?

Answer 20

was proposed by oil producers, and approved by the government of Canada, to expand capacity and reach new markets abroad

Question 21

What was the Constitution Amendment Proclamation in 1983?

Answer 21

marked the first change to the 1982 constitution. This amendment was made after Aboriginal groups lobbied for their rights to be more clearly enshrined in the constitution.

Question 22

What were the Canadian governments assimilation polices of the time?

Answer 22

• were apart of the imperialistic belief system that European culture was “better” than other countries

Question 23

What does self government in means to the First Nations?

Answer 23

-First Nations’ communities will continue to interact with their neighbouring communities
-The Canadian Constitution and Charter of Rights and Freedoms will apply to First Nations’ governments as well
Provincial and federal laws still must be followed, especially the Criminal Code
-First Nations, municipal, provincial and federal governments are in a relationship of equals
-First Nations’ people receive the same services and opportunities that exist for other Canadians
-First Nations’ practices and institutions are a key part of their governments
-First Nations’ governments create laws and services that directly meet the needs of their citizens; an outside body such as the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs cannot define what is ‘best for them’
-First Nations’ cultures are preserved and are a source of pride to First Nations’ people

Question 24

in the residential schools what were the first nations forbidden to do?

Answer 24

-speak their own language
-not dress and behave like aboriginal people
the most negative aspect of the residential schools was that First Nations children were often made to feel inferior to white Canadians because of their First Nations heritage.

Question 25

what is suffrage?

Answer 25

the right to vote

Question 26

to be eligible to vote, a person had to meet the following criteria of?

Answer 26

race:white
gender:male
property ownership: a certain amount of property such as land or a business had to be owned.

Question 27

what formally excluded women from voting?

Answer 27

The British North America Act of 1867

Question 28

what is enfranchisement

Answer 28

to be given the right to vote

Question 29

The persons case was evolved from a series of events which were…?

Answer 29

• the wording of the British North America act declared that only persons could vote and a supreme court ruling held that “Women are persons in matters of pains and penalities, but are not persons in matters of rights and privileges.”
• A challenge to Emily Murphy’s appointment as the Police Magistrate of Alberta because she was not a “person” under the British North America Act. A ruling in alberta allowed her to remain on the Supreme Court in Alberta but not federally.
• Emily Murphy was not allowed to be appointed to the federal Senate because the British North America Act said she was not a “Person”

Question 30

When did the persons case go on till, and how did they end up changing the constitution rules?

Answer 30

• the constitution stated “no, women were not persons”
• this went on from 1916 until 1927
• the famous five approached Prime minister Mackenzie King and he helped them take their case to the British privy council which at the time Britain could legally decide on Canadian Constitutional changes.
• on October 29, 1929, a decision was finally reached. The council said yes women were persons.
• once the women were declared persons under the law, they could then run for and hold public office. They also earned the right to attend universities and practice liberal trade.

Question 31

What were the voting alliances for women prior to full enfranchisment?

Answer 31

• the Wartime Elections Act, 1917: allowed women to vote if they were the wife,mother, widow,sister, or daughter of someone serving overseas. This was the temporary legislative
• The women Franchise Act, 1918: allowed women the vote if they met the same racial and property ownership criteria as men
• The dominion Election Act, 1920: Allowed women to vote if they were British Citizens, at least 21 years old, residents of Canada for a year or more and residents in their riding for at least two years. This same act,however, kept in voting restrictions against certain religious and racial groups, primarily Asian and Aboriginal Peoples.

Question 32

What does the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Women rights address in the following ways?

Answer 32

Democratic rights:
Every citizen of Canada has the right to vote in an election of members of the House of Commons or of a legislative assembly and to be qualified for membership therein.

-Equality Rights:

Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

Legal Rights:

Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of the person, and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
charter of rights logo

Question 33

what was the october crisis?

Answer 33

was formed to pursue Quebec’s independence from Canada. Frustrated with the ineffectiveness of negotiating with the federal government, the October crisis advocated the use of violence to attain its goals. active since 1963 as a terrorist group.

Question 34

What was the Meech Lake accord 1987?

Answer 34

• the accord recognized quebec as a “distinct society” in Canada. It also proposed that members of the Senate and Supreme court of Canada would be elected by the provinces and territories, rather than being appointed.
• Quebec’s distinct status was meant to recognize French Canadian language and culture.
• the accord needed the unanimous approval of the provinces before it could become law.
• just before the final vote the accord was not passed. In Manitoba of the legislative assembly elijah harper refused to give his consent and so too did premier clyde wells of Newfoundland.

Question 35

What was the Charlottetown accord, in 1992?

Answer 35

• on August 28,1990 the federal,provincial, and territorial governments, and representatives fro the assembly of First Nations, the Native council of Canada, the inuit tapirisat of Canada, and the Metis National Council came to an agreement known as the Charlottetown council Accord:
• constitutional changes would focus on greater provincial control over most natural resources, funding provinces who wanted to develop their own programs normally funded with federal grants (example., health programs), and allowing the federal government to prevent legislation that violated national guidelines.

Aboriginal self-government would take effect three years after the Accord’s approval and increasing Aboriginal representation in Parliament

a “Canada Clause” that outlined the values that defined the “nature of Canadian character.” Example, recognition of Quebec as a distinct society within Canada, egalitarianism, and diversity

the numbers of seats in the House of Commons were to increase but Quebec would always have 25% of the seats

formal acknowledgement of a consultative process that included Aboriginal leaders

a “Triple-E Senate” would be created

Question 36

what are the three elements that Canada’s foreign policy combines?

Answer 36

internationalism, multilateralism, and involvement in peacekeeping and peacemaking

Question 37

What were the main goals of canada for the future?

Answer 37

Internationalism :Canada was involved in founding the United Nations and Canadian politicians such as Lester B. Pearson have led the United Nations in peacekeeping.

Peacekeeping and peacemaking : right away after an armed conflict has ended, soldiers from other countries are placed between the aggressive groups to observe and maintain the peace process. Peacekeeping is done primarily by the United Nations, usually with soldiers contributed by member nations. In order for United Nations peacekeeping forces to be called in, the opposing sides in a conflict must first agree to the peacekeepers being there in the first place. The peacekeeping soldiers are easily recognized with their blue helmets. Peacekeepers patrol no fire zones between hostile forces to keep them from fighting.

Question 38

what is canadas foreign policy?

Answer 38

based on civility.
Our cultural identity is not tied to imposing our will on other nations, nor is it our practice to “give in” without a good fight. Canadian military personnel have always distinguished themselves in battle, and have kept the peace in dangerous places. Canadian politicians have taken a leadership role in peacemaking and peacekeeping. Ultimately, Canada follows the belief that war benefits no one. Canada’s foreign policy is one that has always had a humanitarian component and wherever there are people in need you will find Canadians there helping.

Question 39

what are the advantages to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

Answer 39

Shared defense costs: no one country has to finance a complete defense system of its own. Each one can specialize in particular aspects of defense, without having to have all aspects themselves

Collective security: since North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the most powerful military alliance in the world, members feel secure

Chance of conflict less likely: greater co-operation between the growing number of members makes conflict less likely

Question 40

multilateralism?

Answer 40

the participation by three or more parties, especially governments of different countries
ex. NATO

Question 41

what is the aboriginal perspective on Environment and Global warming?

Answer 41

Aboriginal people are concerned that stewardship of the land is attended to. This means that humans must remember to take care of the Earth and its resources for future generations. Two key components of this perspective are:

Maintenance of the environment
Education of young people so that they can be good stewards when their time comes