Unit 5.1

Question 1

trends for protein consumption are increasing because …

Answer 1

increasing population - 9 billion by 2050
emerging economies
increasing urbanization
recognition of proteins role in a healthy diet

Question 2

Barriers and Recurrent Challenges to expansion of animal production

Answer 2

1. environmental impact: impacts on increasing dairy production to meet 2050 demands
   - need more resources: feed, land, water, manure management, carbon footprint will increase
2. Scarcity of resources - less land per individual
3. animal welfare and wellbeing- cage/pen free housing
4. global food losses and waste- part of the initial production lost or wasted for meat products at different stages
5. rising popularity of plant/lab-based alternatives to meat - 16% growth since 2018
6. Antibiotic Use - antibiotic free animal products are popular

Question 3

Antibiotic use in animal agriculture

Answer 3

treat- animals diagnosed with illness
control- the spread of illness in a herd or flock
prevent- illness in healthy animals when exposure is likely

Question 4

Timelines for Antibiotic growth promotion use

Answer 4

WWII: widespread protein shortage

• soy and corn were the main feed for livestock but animals had sub-optimal performance, low B vitamins
  
  • animal liver extracts discovered to enhance growth in chickens( B-vitamins)

scientists At Lederle labs found that streptomycin aureofaciens cultures used for producing chlortetracycline enhanced chicken growth

Question 5

conditions promoting resistance in animal agriculture

Answer 5

1. failure of infection control
   
   • crowding
   • sub-optimal hygeine
   • poor biosecurity
2. exposure to antibiotics
   
   • widespread
   • prolonged
   • sub-lethal doses
   • often little dose control
3. stress reaction
   
   • increases bacterial shedding