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History 12 > Unit 5: WWII and beginning of the Cold War > Flashcards

Unit 5: WWII and beginning of the Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did America declare war on the Axis powers

A

the attack on Pearl Harbor

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2
Q

what effect did the war have on women and African Americans

A

African Americans and women benefited from the new war jobs

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3
Q

Winston Churchill

A

prime minister of Great Britain

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4
Q

Midway

A

America inflicted major damage on the Japanese navy

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5
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

offered a vision that eschewed territorial expansion and called for 4 freedoms: speech, religion, and freedom from want and fear

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6
Q

% of women working outside the home

A

40% by 1960s, women in the workforce jumped by more than a third

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7
Q

double v campaign

A

it was victory against racism abroad and at home–a campaign that set the stage for the civil rights movement that followed in the 1950s

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8
Q

US diplomacy before WWII

A

isolationist

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9
Q

Japanese American internment

Direct casualties of WWII allies

A

the Japanese-Americans that lived in the US for generations, put into internment camps on trumped-up charges of potential disloyalty and also out of hatred toward Japan

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10
Q

Bataan Death March

A

Japanese captors marched 75,000 Philippine and American prisoners of war through the sweltering Philippine countryside, murdering, starving, and torturing the captives along the way.

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11
Q

Tehran Conference

A

Frustrated at the slow pace of the long-promised second front to relieve such slaughter, Stalin pressed hard for it at the Allied wartime conferences at Tehran

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12
Q

battle of Normandy

A

Eisenhower and his men at last carried out the cross-channel invasion of Normandy

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13
Q

How did the war end?

A

the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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14
Q

why did the US drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

to end the war

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15
Q

Yalta Conference (1945)

A

Allies opened the Yalta Conference in February 1945 to discuss the postwar order

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16
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

FDR’s successor

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17
Q

Potsdam conference

A

Here Truman learned of the first successful atomic bomb test

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18
Q

emperor Hirohito

A

intervened to orchestrate a surrender on the 10th, insisting only that the imperial system remain

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19
Q

casualties in WWII compared to WWI

A

60 million dead (by contrast, 16 million lives were lost in World War I

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20
Q

what is the meaning of the third world

A

formed from the dismembered empires of Britain, France, Belgium and Netherlands

21
Q

”Free world”

Henry Wallace

A

the United States and its allies

22
Q

what is the meaning of the word containment

A

to prevent the spread of communism

23
Q

Iron Curtain

A

dividing the non-communist world from the communist

24
Q

George F. Kennan

A

wrote the “Long Telegram” from Moscow that world communism is malignant

25
Q

Truman doctrine

A

the principle that the US should give support to countries (Greece and Turkey) threatened by the communist or Soviet forces

26
Q

Marshall plan

A

would bring $22 billion in aid to Europe over the next 4 years

27
Q

Berlin wall and airlift

A

Soviets blockaded access to Berlin but the US coordinated a successful airllift

28
Q

Berlin wall and airlift

A

Soviets blockaded access to Berlin but the US coordinated a successful airlift

29
Q

Mao Zedong

A

China’s communist leader

30
Q

people’s republic of China

A

new communist state aligned with the Soviet union

31
Q

Korean War

A

North Korea invaded South Korea with the support of communist China and Soviet Union

32
Q

General Douglas MacArthur

A

wanted to resort to atomic weapons in North Korea, Truman fired him for insubordination

33
Q

non-aligned movement

A

small nations would rather be non aligned than join either side of the cold war

34
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

the closest the USSR and the US came to nuclear war, they agreed on terms such as the Soviets taking the missiles out of Cuba and US leaving Cuba alone

35
Q

who were the participants in the Vietnam war

A

South Vietnam, North, and US

36
Q

who did the US support in the Vietnam war

A

South Vietnam

37
Q

president Ngo Dinh Diem

A

non communist, South Vietnam

38
Q

National Liberation front

A

called the Vietcong, was growing in the southern countryside

39
Q

assassination of Diem

A

Kennedy administration raised the possibility of Diem’s removal, 3 months later he and his brother was assasinated

40
Q

assassination of Diem

A

Kennedy administration raised the possibility of Diem’s removal, 3 months later he and his brother was assassinated

41
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

JFK’s successor, at first did not want to go to war

42
Q

Gulf of Tonkin

A

reports of attacks on American destroyers in the Vietnamese Gulf of Tonkin

43
Q

why did was there escalation of American involvement in the Vietnam war

A

Johnson used sketchy reports of attacks on American destroyers in the Vietnamese Gulf of Tonkin as evidence for airstrikes gaining unanimous resolution from congress

44
Q

Tet Offensive

A

a massive strike intended to spur a general rebellion of the South Vietnamese

45
Q

Nixon’s secret plan to end the war

A

“secret plan” amounted mostly to try lessening of tensions with the Soviets, in hopes they would bring their client in Hanoi in Vietnam to heel

46
Q

Mutually assured destruction

A

The superpowers had weapons sufficient to destroy each other many times over by then but this prevented the outbreak of war

47
Q

Watergate

A

political scandal; a break in at the democratic national committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex to try and re elect Nixon, the administration attempted to cover it up

48
Q

triangular diplomacy

A

US decided to exploit the rivalry of the USSR and China to win advantages for the United States

History 12 (5 decks)

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