Unit 2: Gilded Age/ Progressive Era

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Transformed the American Economy

electricity lit streets, homes and empowered machines of new industries

Question 2

Farming and immigration

Answer 2

Newcomers came from Poland, the farming industry was booming and they needed people for hand picking of certain crops

Question 3

Cornelius Vanderbilt and Jay Gould

Answer 3

Railroad empires

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

Dominated the nations steel industries

Question 5

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 5

Dominated the oil industries

Question 6

Laissez-faire

Answer 6

The gilded age is referred to as laissez-faire

A time of minimal government and freedom of the market

Question 7

“Millionares’ Club”

Answer 7

The US Senate known as the millionaires club because corporate lobbyists paid its members large sums in exchange for land grants, tariffs, and other favors

Question 8

Corporate Personhood

Answer 8

Supreme Court Case- Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific Railroad
the railroad claimed a business could be treated as a person and the 14th amendment rights can apply to the corporation

Question 9

Loss of Native Territory

Answer 9

Greatest loss for Natives was in the 4 decades after the civil war

Question 10

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 10

Banned entry of immigration workers from China and denied people of Chinese origin the possibility of citizenship

Question 11

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 11

Segregation of public places such as school, transportation, bathrooms, etc.

Question 12

Mark Twain

Answer 12

Co authored the Gilded Age, a satiric novel about business and politics

Question 13

Fraternities, Unions, Leagues, and Clubs

Answer 13

millions of ordinary citizens built these organizations

these organizations served as a major role in the making of modern America

Question 14

The Grange

Answer 14

Since the farmers were getting low prices for crops and high interest rates on debt, the Grange was created
The Grange set up cooperative stores, grain elevators, cotton gins, insurance agencies to improve farmers lives and position in America

Question 15

Granger Laws

Answer 15

regulations of the railroads, freight rates, and grain elevators

Question 16

Farmers’ Alliance

Answer 16

Conducted a massive campaign to of rural education
experimented with large scale cooperative marketing schemes
pressed for government intervention in economy to better serve interests of farmers

Question 17

Subtreasury

Answer 17

Plan for federal gov. to build warehouses in farm districts across the country
provide low cost loans to farmers in their stores farm products

Question 18

Knights of Labor

Answer 18

Largest labor organization on either side of the Atlantic

Organized women, African American, immigrants, and unskilled workers who were excluded from the craft of unions

Question 19

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 19

Org. mainly of Protestant and middle class women

Against alcohol viewed as a menace to health

Question 20

Populist Party

Answer 20

Brought together multiple currents of Gilded reform such as the farmers alliance, knights of labor, WCTU, and tax and currency reform

Question 21

Corporate Trusts

Answer 21

Presidential power tilted against the corporate trusts

Question 22

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 22

McKinley assassinated then Roosevelt became president

believed in gov. action got the public good

Question 23

Middle class

Answer 23

In progressive era, middle class expansion with new economy employing new white collar professions

Question 24

1912 Election

Answer 24

Republican Party split with incumbent Wilson, Taft and Roosevelt

Question 25

16th Amendment

Answer 25

Opened the way for the graduated federal income tax

Question 26

17th Amendment

Answer 26

Ended the old system of choosing US senators and established the direct election of senators by popular vote

Question 27

19th Amendment

Answer 27

Women’s right to vote

Question 28

South and Progressive Era

Answer 28

Southerners defended the hierarchical system of white supremacy and seen as conservatives
southerners accepted reform agenda of progressive era

Question 29

War and Progressive Era

Answer 29

1st world war divided progressives

Question 30

sharecropping

Answer 30

who worked the land of white landowners for a percentage of the crop

Question 31

industrialization and immigration

Answer 31

there was a rising demand for unskilled and semiskilled workers (immigrants) for the industrialization to increase and continue

Question 32

how did big business and government cooperate with each other?

Answer 32

corporations emerged as central institutions of economic and political life
new corporate order relied on governmental intervention

Question 33

how did big business and government cooperate with each other?

Answer 33

corporations emerged as central institutions of economic and political life
new corporate order relied on governmental intervention; same with the courts they intervened against legislation unfavorable towards corporations
provided corporations with great subsidies

Question 34

Haymarket Riot

Answer 34

labor protest, bomb thrown at police viewed as a set back to the organization labor movement

Question 35

where did we get the name “Gilded Age” for this period

Answer 35

Mark Twain wrote a book called the Gilded Age

Question 36

what does the gilded age mean?

Answer 36

scholars would apply the term “Gilded Age” to focus on the power of money, political corruption, and the deep economic inequities of the late 19th century

Question 37

Upton Sinclair

Answer 37

wrote a book called The Jungle which unveiled the unsanitary packaging of the meat industry

Question 38

Eugene Debs

Answer 38

in the 1912 election received many votes as the Socialist candidate

Question 39

Federal Reserve System

Answer 39

Congress gave authority to regulate banking and control the currency

Question 40

Federal Income Tax

Answer 40

Originally, this was a tax to be placed only on upper incomes. Its purpose was to finance a more active federal government, narrow the gap between rich and poor, and balance private wealth with public good