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World History > Unit 5 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

An oval (not round) closed curve

A

Ellipse

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1
Q

Solution proposed to explain a set of facts, which can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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2
Q

Steps to find scientific truth through observation

A

Scientific method

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3
Q

System of mathematics developed by Isaac Newton to analyze changing quantities

A

Calculus

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4
Q

Person who practiced alchemy

A

Alchemist

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5
Q

Universal truth or principle that 17th century thinkers believed could be found through reason

A

Natural law

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6
Q

Opposition to war or violence

A

Pacifism

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7
Q

Religious philosophy in 1700’s based on reason and idea of natural law

A

Deism

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8
Q

Gathering where enlightenment intellectuals met for conversation

A

Salons

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9
Q

Temporary military rule limiting rights such as free speech

A

Martial law

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10
Q

Person who supports a monarchy

A

Royalist

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11
Q

A nation or state governed by the people or their representatives

A

Commonwealth

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12
Q

State in which a monarch’s power is limited by a constitution

A

Constitutional monarchy

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13
Q

Legal principle that requires authorities to show reasons why a person should be held in custody and to provide a speedy trial

A

Habeas corpus

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14
Q

The chief executive of a parliamentary government

A

Prime minister

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15
Q

Tax paid directly to the government

A

Direct tax

16
Q

A refusal to buy or use certain goods as a protest against an action

A

Boycott

17
Q

A sudden, radical change; change of government by force

A

Revolution

18
Q

One of three distinct social classes in France during the 1700s: clergy, nobility, & commoners (the Third Estate)

A

Estates

19
Q

A 10% tax on income, paid to the clergy

A

tithe

20
Q

The middle class, between aristocrats and workers

A

Bourgeoisie

21
Q

Compulsory call to military service; the draft

A

Conscription

22
Q

Sudden overthrow of government leaders by a small group

A

Coup d’état

23
Q

Government headed by a ruler with absolute authority

A

Dictatorship

24
Q

Neutral territory between rival powers, intended to prevent conflict

A

Buffer states

World History (3 decks)

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