Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Adenine
Purine nitrogenous base with double rings and double bonds.
Codon
Three bases in either DNA or RNA
Cytosine
Pyrimidine nitrogenous base with single ring and triple bonds.
Deoxyribose
The type of sugar found in DNA.
Double Helix
The structure of DNA. Two spirals.
Gene
The part of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
Genetic Code
The sequence of DNA base pairs.
Guanine
Purine nitrogenous base with double rings and triple bonds.
Hydrogen Bond
The type of chemical bond that holds two sides of a DNA molecule together. It occurs between the nitrogenous bases.
mRNA
Messenger RNA. mRNA carries the genetic code for a protein from DNA to the ribosome.
Nucleotide
The monomer of DNA. It consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitogenous base.
Protein Synthesis
The process of making proteins from the genetic code.
Purine
The type of nitrogenous bases that have double rings. Adenine and Guanine.
Pyrimidine
The type of nitrogenous bases that have single rings. Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
Ribose
The type of sugar found in RNA.
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA. The ribosome is made of rRNA.
Thymine
Pyrimidine nitrogenous base with single ring and double bonds found only in DNA. It is replaced by uracil in RNA.
Transcription
The process that changes the genetic code from DNA to RNA.
tRNA
Transfer RNA. Carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the codons in mRNA.
Translation
The process that changes the genetic code from mRNA to proteins.
Uracil
Pyrimidine nitrogenous base with single ring and double bonds found only in RNA. It replaces thymine.
