Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
cell cycle
the regular pattern of growth, dna, and cell division
mitosis
when a cell splits its chromosome into two identical sets of chromosomes.
cytokinesis
the process where the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells.
gap 1
the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division.
synthesis
when two or more things combine to ,make one thing.
gap 2
the third and final subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis.
chromosome
an organized structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells.
histone proteins
small basic proteins found in association with the DNA in the chromatin of Eukaryotes.
chromatin
the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleas.
chromatid
one copy of duplicated chromosome.
centromere
the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.
prophase
a stage of mitosis in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
metaphase
a stage of mitosis where in the eukaryotic cell in which condensed and highly coiled chromosomes align in the middle of the cell before being split into two cells.
Anaphase
the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes are split and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.
telephase
the final stage in meiosis and mitosis in a eukaryotic cell.
apoptosis
the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multi-cellular organisms.
cancer
broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth; they divide and grow uncontrollably; forming tumors.
benign
a mass of cells or tumor; that lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue, causing them to be non-cancerous.
malignant
very dangerous or harmful.
metastasize
to spread injuriously or transform into a dangerous form.
carcinogen
any substance or agent that tends to produce a cancer.
asexual reproduction
reproduction without sexual activity or gametes.
sexual reproduction
reproduction using gametes and involving sexual activity.
binary fission
fission into two organisms about equal size.
Somatic Cells
one of the cells that take part in the formation of the body, becoming differentiated into various, tissues, organs, or any cell other than a germ cell.
Gametes
a mature sexual reproductive cell or body part.
Homologous chromosomes
two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis.
autosomes
any chromosome other than a sex chromosome called a euchromosome.
sex chromosomes
a chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual.
diploid
having two similar complements of chromosomes; or an organism/ cell having double the basic haploid number of chromosomes.
haploid
a cell that has one single set of chromosomes.
meiosis
a part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions; in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid. (compare mitosis)
