Unit 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

the regular pattern of growth, dna, and cell division

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

when a cell splits its chromosome into two identical sets of chromosomes.

Question 3

cytokinesis

Answer 3

the process where the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells.

Question 4

gap 1

Answer 4

the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division.

Question 5

synthesis

Answer 5

when two or more things combine to ,make one thing.

Question 6

gap 2

Answer 6

the third and final subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis.

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

an organized structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells.

Question 8

histone proteins

Answer 8

small basic proteins found in association with the DNA in the chromatin of Eukaryotes.

Question 9

chromatin

Answer 9

the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleas.

Question 10

chromatid

Answer 10

one copy of duplicated chromosome.

Question 11

centromere

Answer 11

the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.

Question 12

prophase

Answer 12

a stage of mitosis in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

Question 13

metaphase

Answer 13

a stage of mitosis where in the eukaryotic cell in which condensed and highly coiled chromosomes align in the middle of the cell before being split into two cells.

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes are split and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 15

telephase

Answer 15

the final stage in meiosis and mitosis in a eukaryotic cell.

Question 16

apoptosis

Answer 16

the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multi-cellular organisms.

Question 17

cancer

Answer 17

broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth; they divide and grow uncontrollably; forming tumors.

Question 18

benign

Answer 18

a mass of cells or tumor; that lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue, causing them to be non-cancerous.

Question 19

malignant

Answer 19

very dangerous or harmful.

Question 20

metastasize

Answer 20

to spread injuriously or transform into a dangerous form.

Question 21

carcinogen

Answer 21

any substance or agent that tends to produce a cancer.

Question 22

asexual reproduction

Answer 22

reproduction without sexual activity or gametes.

Question 23

sexual reproduction

Answer 23

reproduction using gametes and involving sexual activity.

Question 24

binary fission

Answer 24

fission into two organisms about equal size.

Question 25

Somatic Cells

Answer 25

one of the cells that take part in the formation of the body, becoming differentiated into various, tissues, organs, or any cell other than a germ cell.

Question 26

Gametes

Answer 26

a mature sexual reproductive cell or body part.

Question 27

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 27

two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis.

Question 28

autosomes

Answer 28

any chromosome other than a sex chromosome called a euchromosome.

Question 29

sex chromosomes

Answer 29

a chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual.

Question 30

diploid

Answer 30

having two similar complements of chromosomes; or an organism/ cell having double the basic haploid number of chromosomes.

Question 31

haploid

Answer 31

a cell that has one single set of chromosomes.

Question 32

meiosis

Answer 32

a part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions; in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid. (compare mitosis)