Unit 1 Biochemistry Vocabulary Flashcards by Julian Mingo

Q

Atom

A

smallest basic unit of matter.

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Q

nucleas

A

contains the protons and nuetrons

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Q

electron

A

negative charge

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Q

element

A

a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

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Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of nuetrons.

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Q

Compound

A

A substance formed by two or more different elements.

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Q

Ionic bond

A

when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

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Q

Covalent bond

A

when electrons are shared between atoms.

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Q

Ion

A

Ions are atoms with a charge.

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Q

Molecule

A

The simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and exists in a free state.

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Q

Proton

A

Particle with a positive charge.

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Q

Nuetron

A

A particle with nuetral or no charge.

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Q

Atomic Mass

A

The combined number of protons and nuetrons.

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Q

Atomic number

A

the number of protons.

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Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction between molecules of the same substance.

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Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction between molecules of different substances.

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Q

Mixture

A

When two or more elements or compounds are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined.

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Q

Solution

A

A mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed.

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Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which the solute dissolves.

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Q

Solute

A

the substance that is dissolved.

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Q

Capillarity

A

The interaction between contacting surfaces of a liquid and a solid that distorts the liquid surface from a planar shape.

Q

ph Scale

A

A measurement system that indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution(0-14).

Q

Acid

A

any compound that forms H+ ions in solution(ph less than 7).

Q

Base

A

any compound that forms OH- ions in solution(ph greater than 7).

Nucleic acid

Salt

A crystalline mineral that is composed of mostly of sodium chloride.

Polarity

Enzyme

Proteins that are catalysts.

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Developed the cell theory

Virchow,schleidon,Schwann

cell membrane

semi-permeable membrane that protects the cell and allows certain substances in and out.

cytoplasm

gel like substance that houses organelles.

genetic material

DNA or RNA directs the cells activities and is used for cellular reproduction.

Ribosomes

assembles proteins

Prokaryotes

bacteria

eukaryote

plants and animals

endosymbiont theory

a theory to determine how eukaryotic organisms arose.

Nucleas

directs cell activities

nucleolus

a dense region found in the nucleas where ribosomes are made.

endoplasmic reticulum

an interconnected series of membranes.

mitochondrion

a bean shaped organelle that provides the cell with energy.

chloroplast

the site of photosynthesis.

golgi body

packages and ships materials, mainly proteins.

ribosomes

small structures made of rna and protein that synthesize proteins.

vesicles

membrane bound sacs that transport materials.

vacuole

storage site for the cell.

cell wall

a rigid layer outside of the cell membrane that provides protection, support, and shape.

lysosomes

break down old or worn out cell parts or even pathogens.

centrioles

small structures made of microtubule that aid the cell in division.

cytoskeleton

they support the cell.