Unit 1 Biochemistry Vocabulary Flashcards
Atom
smallest basic unit of matter.
nucleas
contains the protons and nuetrons
electron
negative charge
element
a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of nuetrons.
Compound
A substance formed by two or more different elements.
Ionic bond
when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Covalent bond
when electrons are shared between atoms.
Ion
Ions are atoms with a charge.
Molecule
The simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and exists in a free state.
Proton
Particle with a positive charge.
Nuetron
A particle with nuetral or no charge.
Atomic Mass
The combined number of protons and nuetrons.
Atomic number
the number of protons.
Cohesion
the attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Adhesion
The attraction between molecules of different substances.
Mixture
When two or more elements or compounds are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined.
Solution
A mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed.
Solvent
The substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solute
the substance that is dissolved.
Capillarity
The interaction between contacting surfaces of a liquid and a solid that distorts the liquid surface from a planar shape.
ph Scale
A measurement system that indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution(0-14).
Acid
any compound that forms H+ ions in solution(ph less than 7).
Base
any compound that forms OH- ions in solution(ph greater than 7).
Nucleic acid
Salt
A crystalline mineral that is composed of mostly of sodium chloride.
Polarity
Enzyme
Proteins that are catalysts.
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Protein
Developed the cell theory
Virchow,schleidon,Schwann
cell membrane
semi-permeable membrane that protects the cell and allows certain substances in and out.
cytoplasm
gel like substance that houses organelles.
genetic material
DNA or RNA directs the cells activities and is used for cellular reproduction.
Ribosomes
assembles proteins
Prokaryotes
bacteria
eukaryote
plants and animals
endosymbiont theory
a theory to determine how eukaryotic organisms arose.
Nucleas
directs cell activities
nucleolus
a dense region found in the nucleas where ribosomes are made.
endoplasmic reticulum
an interconnected series of membranes.
mitochondrion
a bean shaped organelle that provides the cell with energy.
chloroplast
the site of photosynthesis.
golgi body
packages and ships materials, mainly proteins.
ribosomes
small structures made of rna and protein that synthesize proteins.
vesicles
membrane bound sacs that transport materials.
vacuole
storage site for the cell.
cell wall
a rigid layer outside of the cell membrane that provides protection, support, and shape.
lysosomes
break down old or worn out cell parts or even pathogens.
centrioles
small structures made of microtubule that aid the cell in division.
cytoskeleton
they support the cell.
