Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Dred Scott v. Sanford
The Scotts argued that when a slave resides in a free state, freedom is entitled to him and cannot be revoked if he returns to a slave state. Also, they argued that Negroes of African descent could be United States citizens. But In this ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts.
Popular sovereignty
The doctrine of popular sovereignty placed the status of slavery in the hands of the settlers rather than in Congress.
Crittenden Compromise
A plan proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden for a constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed and for the westward extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the California border.
Fredrick Douglas
An African-American social reformer, writer and statesmen. He escaped from slavery and became a leader of an abolitionist movement and became the most famous black abolitionist.
Tenure of Office Act
a measure passed by Congress in 1867. It prohibited the president from dismissing any cabinet member or other federal officeholder whose appointment had required the consent of the Senate unless the Senate agreed to the dismissal.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, “without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.” Although President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation, that veto was overturned by the 39th United States Congress
Battle of Antietam
1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this “win” for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation.
Fugitive Slave Act
a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders; part of the Compromise of 1850.
Jim Crow Laws
any state or local laws that enforced or legalized racial segregation. These laws lasted for almost 100 years, from the post-Civil War era until around 1968, and their main purpose was to legalize the marginalization of African Americans.
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the rebellious and border states. Because it was believed that slaves were helping the Confederates, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves.
