Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APHUG > unit 5 vocab | 1 +2+3 > Flashcards

unit 5 vocab | 1 +2+3 Flashcards

1
Q

agriculture

A

the process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

subsistence farming

A

when farmers consume the crops that they grow and raise, usually using simple tools and manual labor; raising food they need to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

animal domestication

A

raising and caring for animals by humans for protection or food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

plant domestication

A

the growing of crops that people planted, raised, and harvested, probably began after animal domestication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

the global movement of plants and animals between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

terrace farming

A

when farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

irrigation

A

the process of diverting water form its natural course or location to aid in the production of crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carrying capacity

A

the number of crops or people that an area can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

deforestation

A

the removal of large tracts of forest, has occurred throughout human history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

desertification

A

the transition of land from fertile to desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

slash-and-burn agriculture

A

all vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place, is likely one of the earliest agricultural practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

commercial agriculture

A

when farmers focus on raising one specific crop to sell for profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enclosure Acts

A

a series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use that had previously been common land used by peasant farmers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Green Revolution

A

the development of higher-yielding, disease-resistant, faster-growing varieties of grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hybrids

A

the process of breeding together two plants that have desirable characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GMOs

A

a process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Machinery

A

agricultural technologies assisted in production and challenges traditional labor-intensive farming practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

first agricultural recolution

A

the origin of farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

second agricultural revolution

A

1700s, used the advances of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

third agricultural revolution

A

1960s; includes the green rev.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pastoral nomadism

A

is when people travel from place to place with their herds of domesticated animals (subsistence + in LDC); practiced in arid/semi-arid climates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ranching

A

when livestock graze over large areas while the owners remain in the same place (commercial agri. + in MDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

shifting cultuvations

A

when farmers move from one field to another (aka slash-and-burn, swidden agri)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

crop rotation

A

when farmers change which crops are grown within a field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

plantation agriculture

A

the use of plantations; a large farm that specializes in one crop (commercial + found in low lats, hot+humind climates w/ substantial precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mixed crop/livestock farming

A

an integrated system where the majority of the are grown to be fed directly to livestock; MDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

grain farming

A

when farmers (in regions too dry) raise wheat/grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

commercial gardening

A

where products were traditionally driven to urban market to be sold; market gardening or truck farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

dairy farming

A

the creation of dairy products; exists in some LDC and more MDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

milk shed

A

the geographic distance that milk is delivered

31
Q

mediterranean agriculture

A

practiced in regions w/ hot-dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and some sort of irrigation system; where herders often practice transhumance

32
Q

transhumance

A

the seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter

33
Q

livestock ranching

A

the grazing of animals confined to a specific area; commercial

34
Q

extensive farming

A

agri. that uses fewer inputs of capital and pard labor relative to the amount of space being used

35
Q

intensive farming

A

agri. that involves greater inputs of capital and paid labor relative to the space being used

36
Q

double cropping

A

technique to maximize output on a small amount of land

37
Q

intercropping

A

method when farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field; aka multicropping

38
Q

feed lots

A

confined spaces in which cattle an dhogs have limited movement

39
Q

agribusiness

A

the integration of various steps of production in the food-processing industry; includes large-scale commercial agri. + the steps of processing and productions, transportation, marketing, retail, research and development

40
Q

supply chain

A

the system of resources, producer transportation, communication, information, and consumers

41
Q

vertical integration

A

when a company owns several smaller businesses involved in different steps in developing a product

42
Q

monoculture

A

the raising of a single cash crop on large plots of land

43
Q

suitcase farm

A

no one lives on the farm and the harvesting and planting is preformed by farmers who live nearby or by migratory labor

44
Q

commodity chain

A

a process used by corporations to gather resources and transform them into goods and then transport them to consumers

45
Q

cool chains

A

transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

46
Q

luxury crops

A

ones not essential to human survival but that have a high profit margin

47
Q

neocolonialism

A

the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies

48
Q

fair trade movement

A

was an effort to promote higher incomes for producers and for more sustainable farming practices; increased prices for consumers, but provide a bigger share of $$ to producers and growers in LDC

49
Q

subsides

A

public support to farmers to ensure that consumers have a dependable + low-cost supply of food; often provided by govs. of MDC

50
Q

infrastructure

A

roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, etc

51
Q

spring wheat

A

grown in early spring and harvested early autumn; colder regions

52
Q

winter wheat

A

grown in fall, harvested in early summer; in warmer regions

53
Q

clustered settlements

A

groups of homes located near each other in a hamlet or village

54
Q

dispersed settlements

A

a pattern in which farmers in homes spread throughout the countryside

55
Q

metes and bounds system

A

-bounds cover larger areas + were based on larger features; streams or roads

56
Q

townships

A

areas 6 miles wide and long

57
Q

section

A

aka: a square mile; 640 acres; can be divided into smaller lots

58
Q

french long-lot system

A

when farms were long thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river; Quebec + Louisiana

59
Q

isotropic

A

flat + featurless

60
Q

horticulture

A

a type of agri. that includes market gardening/truck farming, and dairying; produces perishable items

61
Q

bit rent curve

A

aka bid price curve; used to indicate the staring position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land would end

62
Q

non-isotropic

A

land with unique physical features; river, mountains, etc

63
Q

comparative advantage

A

naturally occurring beneficial conditions that would allow farmers to plant crops different from those predicted by von Thunen’s model

64
Q

multiple markets

A

von Thunen’s assumption that farmers had one primary market, but they often have secondary markets as well

65
Q

greenbelt

A

an area of recreational parks or other underdeveloped land, rather than a source of fuel

66
Q

genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

A

plants or animals are modified by extracting genes of one species and inserting them into the DNA of another species (done by scientists)

67
Q

aquaculture

A

the practice of raising and harvesting fish and other forms of food that live in water; blue revolution

68
Q

open-pen systems

A

a system in which a cage or net is moored to the seafloor and the farm fish are able to interact w/ wild surroundings (to an extent)

69
Q

monocropping

A

specializing in one crop; monoculture

70
Q

overgraze

A

damage to grasslands to the extent that the vegetation will not refresh itself even after the animals leave

71
Q

fair trade movement

A

designed to get more money into the hands of the small farmers in poor countries who actually raise the crops, rather than supporting large transnational corps. that manage trade in these products

72
Q

“eat local”

A

seeking out foods produced nearby

73
Q

modern chemical farming

A

utilizing synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides

74
Q

organic farming

A

more expensive than chem. farming; more profitable through further intensification

APHUG (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions