Midterm Review Flashcards
what are the advantages of Mercator (1569) projections?
- directions are shown accurately
- lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angles
Mercator (1569) projection disadvantages:
- distance between lines of longitude appears constant
- land masses near the poles appear large
- rectangle map
Robinson projection advantages:
- no major distortion
- oval shape appears more like a globe than does a rectangle
Robinson projection disadvantages:
-area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted
what are the different types of thematic maps?
choropleths, dot distributions, graduated symbols, isolines, cartograms
what are the patterns observed in spatial analysis?
clustering (concentrated/dense), dispersal/distribution, patterns + spatial association
define clustering:
close together; dense (the # of something in a defined area)
define dispersal/distribution:
far apart; distributed (the way something is spread out over an area)
define patterns + spatial associations;
indication that two (or more) phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another; RELATIONSHIPS
what do population pyramids show?
age distribution, sex ratios, and dependency ratio
on a population pyramid, how do you analyze fertility rates? what conclusions can be drawn?
while analyzing a pop. pyramid, you can determine the TFR by looking at the women population (more women in the 15-49 yr range means a higher TFR).
based on our analysis, we can see whether a population in an area is growing in size or not, due to more or fewer children being born.
what types of challenges do societies with aging populations face?
- have to cover all the costs of having an aging pop.
- less young ppl in the workforce, meaning there are going to be more economic challenges; possibly resulting in raising taxes
what are the 5 major religions and their hearths?
hinduism=indus valley, judaism= israel and lebanon, buddhism= north, christianity= israel/west bank, and islam= mecca and medina
how did christianity spread throughout the whole world?
expansion and relocation; via roman empire
define centripetal force:
unifies people within a state (inwards)
define centrifugal force:
forces that tend to break apart states (outwards)
define cultural landscape:
anything built by humans; a built environment
define nation:
group of people who have certain things in common (beliefs, values)
define nation-state:
a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity. Ex: Japan
define multiethnic state:
A state that contains more than one ethnicity is a multiethnic state. Ex: United States
define multinational state:
a state that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination. Ex: Russia, Canada, China
define stateless nation:
a group of people without a state. Ex: Kurds, Chechens, Sikhs
define autonomous region:
a region that has limited self-rule within a larger state. Ex: Scotland in the UK or Hong Kong in China
what is the ethnic makeup of Canada?
Canadian, English, French, German, Irish, Scottish, Italian, and German.
Why did they decide to have 2 official languages and what are the impacts of bilingualism?
they decided to have french as an official language because 1/4th of the pop. is french speakers, the gov. made the use of french mandatory, french must be the dominant lang on commercial signs.
they decided to have english as an off. lang. b/c the rest of canada are english speakers, english is also a lingua franca
due to having two languages the state might experience centrifugal force, due to not having one set lang/culture, pressures the gov. to accommodate for multiple cultures
how is canada a state?
canada is a state bc it is ruled by an established government and has control over internal and foreign affairs. e.g. the canadian gov. granted more autonomy over local affairs and natural resources to the indigenous nations; Nunavut 1999 // the canadian gov chose to become allies with the us
