Midterm Review

Question 1

what are the advantages of Mercator (1569) projections?

Answer 1

• directions are shown accurately

- lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angles

Question 2

Mercator (1569) projection disadvantages:

Answer 2

• distance between lines of longitude appears constant
• land masses near the poles appear large
• rectangle map

Question 3

Robinson projection advantages:

Answer 3

• no major distortion

- oval shape appears more like a globe than does a rectangle

Question 4

Robinson projection disadvantages:

Answer 4

-area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted

Question 5

what are the different types of thematic maps?

Answer 5

choropleths, dot distributions, graduated symbols, isolines, cartograms

Question 6

what are the patterns observed in spatial analysis?

Answer 6

clustering (concentrated/dense), dispersal/distribution, patterns + spatial association

Question 7

define clustering:

Answer 7

close together; dense (the # of something in a defined area)

Question 8

define dispersal/distribution:

Answer 8

far apart; distributed (the way something is spread out over an area)

Question 9

define patterns + spatial associations;

Answer 9

indication that two (or more) phenomena may be related, associated, or correlated with one another; RELATIONSHIPS

Question 10

what do population pyramids show?

Answer 10

age distribution, sex ratios, and dependency ratio

Question 11

on a population pyramid, how do you analyze fertility rates? what conclusions can be drawn?

Answer 11

while analyzing a pop. pyramid, you can determine the TFR by looking at the women population (more women in the 15-49 yr range means a higher TFR).

based on our analysis, we can see whether a population in an area is growing in size or not, due to more or fewer children being born.

Question 12

what types of challenges do societies with aging populations face?

Answer 12

• have to cover all the costs of having an aging pop.
• less young ppl in the workforce, meaning there are going to be more economic challenges; possibly resulting in raising taxes

Question 13

what are the 5 major religions and their hearths?

Answer 13

hinduism=indus valley, judaism= israel and lebanon, buddhism= north, christianity= israel/west bank, and islam= mecca and medina

Question 14

how did christianity spread throughout the whole world?

Answer 14

expansion and relocation; via roman empire

Question 15

define centripetal force:

Answer 15

unifies people within a state (inwards)

Question 16

define centrifugal force:

Answer 16

forces that tend to break apart states (outwards)

Question 17

define cultural landscape:

Answer 17

anything built by humans; a built environment

Question 18

define nation:

Answer 18

group of people who have certain things in common (beliefs, values)

Question 19

define nation-state:

Answer 19

a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity. Ex: Japan

Question 20

define multiethnic state:

Answer 20

A state that contains more than one ethnicity is a multiethnic state. Ex: United States

Question 21

define multinational state:

Answer 21

a state that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination. Ex: Russia, Canada, China

Question 22

define stateless nation:

Answer 22

a group of people without a state. Ex: Kurds, Chechens, Sikhs

Question 23

define autonomous region:

Answer 23

a region that has limited self-rule within a larger state. Ex: Scotland in the UK or Hong Kong in China

Question 24

what is the ethnic makeup of Canada?

Answer 24

Canadian, English, French, German, Irish, Scottish, Italian, and German.

Question 25

Why did they decide to have 2 official languages and what are the impacts of bilingualism?

Answer 25

they decided to have french as an official language because 1/4th of the pop. is french speakers, the gov. made the use of french mandatory, french must be the dominant lang on commercial signs.

they decided to have english as an off. lang. b/c the rest of canada are english speakers, english is also a lingua franca

due to having two languages the state might experience centrifugal force, due to not having one set lang/culture, pressures the gov. to accommodate for multiple cultures

Question 26

how is canada a state?

Answer 26

canada is a state bc it is ruled by an established government and has control over internal and foreign affairs. e.g. the canadian gov. granted more autonomy over local affairs and natural resources to the indigenous nations; Nunavut 1999 // the canadian gov chose to become allies with the us