unit 5 topic 1-6

Question 0

Minerals

Answer 0

an inorganic, naturally occurring solid material

Question 1

Rock

Answer 1

a natural material composed of one or more minerals

Question 2

crust

Answer 2

the thin, outermost layer of Earth

Question 3

element

Answer 3

a type of pure substance made of one type of particle or atom that cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical means

Question 4

Crystals

Answer 4

the building block of minerals crystals occur naturally and have straight edges, flat sides, and regular angles

Question 5

lustre

Answer 5

the light-reflecting properties, or “shininess,” of minerals

Question 6

streak

Answer 6

the colour of a mineral in powdered form a property useful in the identification of minerals

Question 7

Cleavage

Answer 7

the characteristic of splitting along smooth, flat planes

Question 8

Fracture

Answer 8

the property of some minerals to break with rough or jagged surfaces

Question 9

Igneous Rock

Answer 9

the type of rock that is formed by the solidification of hot magma it is defined as either intrusive or extrusive

Question 10

Magma

Answer 10

melted rock, formed under Earth’s crust by high temperature and pressure. magma occasionally escapes to Earth’s surface as
lava

Question 11

lava

Answer 11

lava the term used for magma when it breaks through Earth’s crust, in a volcanic eruption

Question 12

Intrusive rock

Answer 12

the type of igneous rock formed when magma cools and
solidifies below Earth’s crust

Question 13

Extrusive

Answer 13

the type of igneous rock formed when magma cools and solidifies above Earth’s crust

Question 14

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 14

the most common type of rock on Earth’s surface; formed by the compacting of sediment

Question 15

sediment

Answer 15

loose material such as bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains

Question 16

stratification

Answer 16

the arrangement of sedimentary rock in visible layers

Question 17

cementation

Answer 17

a process by which particles are held together by another material

Question 18

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 18

a type of rock made when high pressure and heat act on another type of rock and change it into a new form

Question 19

rock cycle

Answer 19

the naturally occurring process in which rocks continue to change form over long periods of time

Question 20

compost

Answer 20

the part of soil composed of dead plant matter

Question 21

humus

Answer 21

the dark-coloured part of soil that is rich in nutrients

Question 22

topsoil

Answer 22

the topmost layer of soil, which is dark-coloured and rich in humus

Question 23

Leaching

Answer 23

the process by which materials from soil are dissolved and carried away by water

Question 24

erosion

Answer 24

movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another

Question 25

weathering

Answer 25

the process in which rocks are broken down and sediment is formed by mechanical, chemical, or biological means

Question 26

frost wedging

Answer 26

a process of mechanical weathering that occurs when water goes through a cycle of freezing and thawing

Question 27

sedimentation

Answer 27

the process in which eroded material is deposited and built up

Question 28

chemical weathering

Answer 28

the break-up or disintegration of rocks through the effects of chemical reactions upon them

Question 29

biological weathering

Answer 29

the break- up or disintegration of rocks
through the physical or chemical effects of living organisms

Question 30

abrasion

Answer 30

the wearing down of rocks by wind, ice, waves, and running water

Question 31

sonar

Answer 31

a technology that bounces sound waves off an object to determine
its distance from the source of
the waves

Question 32

sea floor spreading

Answer 32

the process in which an ocean floor slowly increases in size over time because of the formation of new igneous rock along a fault

Question 33

Plates

Answer 33

one of the large sections into which Earth’s crust is divided

Question 34

converging plates

Answer 34

two or more plates colliding

Question 35

Diverging plates

Answer 35

two or more plates moving away from each other

Question 36

convection current

Answer 36

a flow resulting from the rising of warm materials and the sinking of cooler denser materials

Question 37

subduction zones

Answer 37

a place on Earth’s crust where high pressure
pushes one very large piece of rock below another