Unit 5 : "The Dirty Unit" Flashcards
What is Agriculture?
the cultivation of plants and animals for economic growth or survival going back 10,000 years( can be +/-)
What is Domestication?
a deliberate effort to raise plants and animals for human use (manipulation of breeding process)
What are Climate Regions?
areas with similar climate patterns
What is Mediterranean Agriculture?
an ideal climate for cultivation – warm summers & rainy winters (olives and grapes)
What is Temperate Agriculture?
has a long growing season with significant rainfall and humidity(wheat, corn, rice)
What is Tropical Agriculture?
region north/south of the equator with abundant rainfall (bananas, sugar, cocoa)
What is Subsistence Agriculture?
growing and raising of diverse crops and livestock for consumption
What is Commercial Agriculture?
growing and raising livestock to sell for profit
What is Planned Agriculture?
associated within communist controlled states - gov. decides on goods
What is the Bid-Rent Theory?
land prices and labor vary based on distance from cities
What is Intensive Agriculture?
large amounts of input to get as much product (resources, labor, land, capital)
What is Extensive Agriculture?
low input of capital = less output
Who are Hunters and Gatherers?
nomadic groups(constantly moving) ate plants and small animals/fish (foragers)
What is an Agricultural Hearth?
where different groups began to originally domesticate plants and animals (starting 10,000 years ago)
What the the Fertile Crescents?
Southwest Asia, near Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, earliest Hearth (others are SE Asia, Ancient China, Central America, East Africa)
What is Mobility?
people move (flow of ideas)
What is Relocation Diffusion?
migration of people with their ideas
What is Stimulus Diffusion?
ideas change with new innovations or modifications
What is trade?
people buy and sell goods
What is the Columbian Exchange?
the exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa( post columbus- in 1492)
What was the 1st AG Revolution?
10k years ago - shift from FORAGING to DOMESTICATION
What does Sedentary mean?
staying in one place (non-nomadic)
What was the 2nd AG Revolution?
early 1700s - started in the region around modern day Britain w/ more growth
What was the Industrial Revolution?
17-1800s - more workers, more innovations, demand for goods ,better transportation
What was the #rd AG Revolution?
early 20th century (continues)-better machines and better fertilizers
What do Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) do?
better taste, look, shelf life, size, more resistant (bugs)
What is the Green Revolution?
American Norman Borlaug introduced new forms of G to poor countries (post-WWII)
What is Agribusiness?
large-scale farming; production, processing, and distribution
Statistic: farmers today produce 262% more food with 2% fewer input than 1950
What is Vertical Integration?
a company controls multiple aspects of the business
What is Horizontal Integration?
several companies work together
What is a Commodity Chain?
a linked system of production levels (from growth to distribution)
What are Subsides?
gov. steps in to increase or decrease supply to help manipulate prices
What is Globalization?
interconnected trade of commodities( dependent upon others: imports/exports)
What is a Cash Crop?
when a country depends on one good as their main export(single source of income)(related to mono cropping)
What is Fair Trade?
a modern movement to CERTIFY forms that are labor, animal and environmentally friendly
