Unit 5 Study

Question 1

Agricultural Revolution:

Answer 1

The First Agricultural Revolution was the transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining.

Question 2

Second Agricultural Revolution:

Answer 2

The Second Agricultural Revolution was the increase in technology from the Industrial Revolution as a means to increase farm productivity through mechanization.

Question 3

Green Revolution:

Answer 3

the recently successful development of higher-yield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries, which led to increased population per unit area and a dramatic narrowing of the gap between population growth and food needs

Question 4

goals of commercial agriculture:

Answer 4

The primary objective of commercial agriculture is to generate profit by maximizing yields and efficiently utilizing resources

Question 5

purposes of crop rotation:

Answer 5

The system of crop rotation is used to preserve the mineral health of soil used in agriculture, increase yields and prevent patches of land from being exhausted

Question 6

rice cultivation:

Answer 6

practice of planting rice on dryland in nursery and moving seedlings to a flood field

Question 7

Slash-and-Burn

Answer 7

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forest land

Question 8

sustainable farming

Answer 8

Sustainable farming is a way to protect the environment, aid and expand natural resources and make the best use of nonrenewable resources

Question 9

plantation agriculture:

Answer 9

production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives

Question 10

pastoral agriculture:

Answer 10

growing livestock rather than growing crops, nomadic lifestyle

Question 11

collective farming:

Answer 11

A system of agricultural organization where as farm laborers are not compensated via wages, instead workers receive a share of the farm’s net productivity

Question 12

subsistence farming:

Answer 12

The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer and their family and mostly found in less developed countries

Question 13

subsistence agriculture:

Answer 13

self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not for trade

Question 14

shifting-field agriculture:

Answer 14

the practice of farming by clearing land for farming by slashing vegetation and burning debris

Question 15

sedentary cultivation:

Answer 15

An agricultural practice in which the same crops are planted on the same piece of land year after year

Question 16

Extensive farming practices:

Answer 16

yields a large amount of output per acre through less intensive farming (uses a large amount of land) intensive subsistence agriculture. a form of subsistence agriculture where farmers expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum crop yield

Question 17

Von Thunen Model:

Answer 17

an economic model developed in the 19th century that aims to explain the spatial organization of agriculture and how it is influenced by transportation costs

Question 18

Criticisms of shifting agriculture

Answer 18

not efficient enough especially with our growing population, destruction of rain forests and trees

Question 19

corn domestication:

Answer 19

Corn (maize) was originally domesticated in Mexico about 10,000 years ago, Mostly grown on commercial agriculture farms, Highly dependent on human intervention in order to survive and flourish

Question 20

intensive agriculture:

Answer 20

system of cultivation using large amounts of labor and capital relative to land area

Question 21

seed drill:

Answer 21

a machine used for planting grains

Question 22

Reaper:

Answer 22

a machine that cuts grain standing in the field

Question 23

cluster villages:

Answer 23

Settlements where a number of families live in close proximity to each other with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings

Question 24

linear villages:

Answer 24

A type of rural settlement in which homes and other structures are arranged in a long, narrow configuration along a transportation corridor, such as a river, a road, or a rail line

Question 25

cereal grains cultivation

Answer 25

Husks of grain are separated from the seed by threshing. Example: The Chaffs, husks, are separated by being threshed.

Question 26

sectors of the economy:

Answer 26

1. The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth.
2. The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector.
3. The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry.
4. The quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities.

Question 27

The Enclosure Act:

Answer 27

a series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use that had previously been common land used by peasant farmers

Question 28

Agribusiness:

Answer 28

The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products