Unit 5 - Solids, Liquids, & Gases Flashcards
Equation for density
Density (kg/m³) = mass (kg) / volume (m³)
Equation for pressure
Pressure (pascals) = force (N) / area (m²)
m² to cm²
1m² = 10, 000 cm²
kg to newtons
1 kg = 10 N
1 kg = 9.81 N to be exact
Why is pressure in a fluid the same in all directions
The pressure a fluid exerts is applied in all directions. That is because the particles that make up the fluid can move in any direction. These particles exert forces as they bump into objects in the fluid
Equation for pressure in a liquid
Pressure (N/m²) = height (m) X density (kg/m³) X gravity (g)
Gravity (g) on earth is
10
How a hydraulic machine allows a small input force to crate a large output force
Fuck knows, Google didn’t help
Arrangement of particles in a solid
Particles are tightly packed, have a regular structure, and vibrational motion
Particle arrangement in a liquid
Particles have small separation (they’re still touching), irregular structure, and are free to move around
Particle arrangement in a gas
Particles have large separation, an irregular structure, and are free to move around (they move very quickly)
What happens when a substance changes state (solid to liquid, or liquid to gas)
Particles gain energy to break inter-molecular bonds and separation increases (at constant temperature) meaning volume increases
Difference between evaporating and boiling
Evaporation is when a liquid changes into a gas over time
In boiling, all the particles have sufficient energy to escape (quicker process)
What is the theory of Brownian motion
That air particles have a constant, random motion
Example of Brownian motion
Constant motion of smoke particles (large particles) seen with a microscope. This was caused by collisions with small air particles which transfer energy, this shows the constant random motion of air particles
