Unit 5 Science Flashcards
when the heterozygote phenotype is a combination of the homozygous phenotypes
incomplete dominance
different forms of a gene
allele
a section on a chromosome that has genetic information for 1 trait.
gene
threadlike structures that contain genetic information in the form of a gene.
chromosome
when both alleles are expressed.
co dominance
how is the incomplete and co dominance phenotypic ratio set up?
Dom:hetero:homorec
a genetic factor that blocks another factor
dominant
the offspring of 2 true breeding plants with different forms of the same trait.
hybrid
negative traits that result from inheriting a sex-linked gene
sex linked disorders
a gene on a sex chromosome
sex-linked gene
these determine the gender of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics.
sex chromosome
what is the male sex chromosome?
xy
what is the female sex chromosome?
xx
what is a human example for a result of polygenic inheritance?
- eye color
- skin color
- hair color
- weight
when more than 2 alleles control 1 trait in a population
multiple alleles
when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait.
polygenic inheritance.
a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offsprings if parental genotypes are known
punnet square
fill in the blank:
when organisms reproduce each reproductive cell contributes _______ factor(s) for each trait
1
pollen from one plant reaches the pistil of a flower on a different plant.
cross pollination
how a trait appears or is exposed
phenotypes
a plant that always produces offspring with the same trait when it is self pollinated
true breeding plant
how is the simple dominance phenotypic ratio set up?
Dom:rec
the likelihood that a specific event will occur
probability
when the 2 alleles of a gene are the same
homozygous
when the 2 alleles of a gene are different.
heterozygous
the 2 alleles that control the phenotype of a trait.
genotype
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
heredity
the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
genetics
who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
pollen from 1 flower lands on the pistol of a flower on the same plant
self pollination
what represents a recessive allele?
lower case letter
what represents a dominant allele?
capital letter
how is the simple genotypic ratio set up?
homdom: hetero: homorec
a cross that provides information about 1 trait
monohybrid cross
a female who has one recessive copy of the bad gene
carrier
a visual tool for following a trait through generations of a family
pedigree
