Unit 5 - RVOs Flashcards
What are the three main types of RVO and their subtypes?
- BRVO ( major branch, minor branch, non-ischaemic, ischaemic)
- CRVO (non-ischaemic or ischaemic)
- HRO (non-ischaemic or ischaemic)
What is the most common form of RVO?
BRVO
What is the peak age of incidence?
65-74
What systemic investigations should be conducted?
- ESR
- Full blood count
- Blood pressure
- Serum glucose
- Fasting lipid test
What ocular investigations should be conducted?
- FFA
- OCT
- Undilated gonio to check for neovasc
- IOP
- RAPD
- VA
What is the differential diagnosis in RVO?
Diabetic retinopathy but would be bilateral and chronic rather than acute.
Ocular ischaemic syndrome
Other causes of optic disc swelling e.g. pap Radiation retinopathy
What is Virchow’s triad?
Any lumen can be obstructed by hypercoagulability, haemodynamic changes and endothelial injury.
What are the acute causes of vision loss in CRVO?
- Haem at macula
- Macula oedema
- Ischaemia of the macula
What are the chronic causes of vision loss in CRVO?
Rubeotic glaucoma
Neovascularisation - vitreous haem
What ophthalmic risk factors are there in CRVO?
- Glaucoma
- Retrobulbar external compression e.g. thyroid eye disease, orbital tumour etc.
What % of CRVO are non-ischaemic?
80%
What % of non-ischaemic convert to ischaemic in the first year?
13% (unlucky 13!)
How many disc diameters of non-perfusion is the cut off from ischaemic to non-ischaemic?
10
What v/a would you expect in ischaemic vs non-ischaemic?
<6/60 and >6/36
Would you expect an RAPD in non-ischaemic CRVO?
Non, but likely in ischaemic