Unit 5: Part 2

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Farms run as corporations

Question 2

Transnational corporations

Answer 2

Agribusinesses that operate in many countries

Question 3

Vertical integration

Answer 3

Ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good

Question 4

Economies of scale

Answer 4

An increase in efficiency to lower the per unit production cost resulting in greater profits

Question 5

Commodity chain

Answer 5

A process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and transport them to consumers

Question 6

Carrying capacity

Answer 6

The available resources that can be harvested without harming the land

Question 7

Cool chains

Answer 7

Transportation networks to keep food cool on a trip

Question 8

Location theory

Answer 8

Deals with why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity

Question 9

von Thünen Model

Answer 9

An economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market

Question 10

Isotropic plain

Answer 10

Flat and featureless and similar throughout

Question 11

Horticulture

Answer 11

A type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming

Question 12

Bid-price curve (bid-rent curve)

Answer 12

Can be used to determine the starting point for each land use relative to the market as well as where each land use would end

Question 13

Free-market economy

Answer 13

Where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land

Question 14

Comparative advantage

Answer 14

Naturally occuring beneficial conditions

Question 15

Supply chain

Answer 15

All the steps required to get a product or service to customers

Question 16

Luxury crops

Answer 16

Are note essential to human survival but have a high profit margin

Question 17

Neocolonialism

Answer 17

The use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies

Question 18

Fair trade movement

Answer 18

An effort to promote higher incomes for producers and for more sustainable farming practices

Question 19

Subsidies

Answer 19

Public support to farmers to ensure that customers have a dependable, low cost food supply

Question 20

Infrastructure

Answer 20

The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development

Question 21

Land cover change

Answer 21

Process by which agricultural areas are lost to development

Question 22

Desertification

Answer 22

The transition of land from fertile to desert

Question 23

Salinization

Answer 23

when soil in an arid climate has been made available for agricultural production using irrigation

Question 24

Terrace farming

Answer 24

One of the earliest human alterations of the landscape in which farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

Question 25

Irrigation

Answer 25

The process of diverting water from its natural course or location to aid the production of crops

Question 26

Center-pivot irrigation

Answer 26

Watering equipment rotates around a pivot and delivers specific amounts of fertilizer, pesticides, or water to the field

Question 27

Wetlands

Answer 27

Low-lying areas that contain a significant amount of water at or near the surface

Question 28

Deforestation

Answer 28

The removal of large tracts of forest

Question 29

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer 29

A type of shifting cultivation where all the vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place

Question 30

Blue Revolution

Answer 30

Water equivalent of the green revolution, the fastest growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for 50% of the worlds seafood

Question 31

Overgraze

Answer 31

When animals damage the grassland to the extent that the vegetation will not refresh itself even after the animals leave

Question 32

Organic foods

Answer 32

Food produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or other unnatural processes

Question 33

Value-added crops

Answer 33

Crops that consumers are willing to pay more for because it is hard to find or has special qualities

Question 34

Value-added farming

Answer 34

When farmers process their crops into high value products instead of selling it as it comes from the field

Question 35

Local-food movement

Answer 35

Seeking out food produced nearby

Question 36

Urban farming

Answer 36

Production of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food

Question 37

Community gardens

Answer 37

Used to share agricultural products with family, friends, or those in need rather than as a business

Question 38

Vertical farms

Answer 38

Grow crops in stackable trays using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics

Question 39

Hydroponics

Answer 39

Allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions

Question 40

Community-supported agriculture (CSA)

Answer 40

a particular network, or association of individuals, who have pledged to support one or more local farms, with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits of food production.

Question 41

Food insecurity

Answer 41

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences

Question 42

Food desert

Answer 42

Urban zones that lack food stores

Question 43

Food distribution system

Answer 43

A network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers

Question 44

Food processing

Answer 44

The transformation of agricultural products into food or taking food items and transforming them into a different type of food

Question 45

Tariff

Answer 45

a tax that a government charges people on import and export goods.

Question 46

Quota

Answer 46

Limit the quantity of a good imported

Question 47

Gender inequality

Answer 47

The unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based off of gender

Question 48

Gender-specific obstacles

Answer 48

Discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity

Question 49

Crop gap

Answer 49

Gap between number of male and female farmers