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AP HUG > Unit 5: Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 5: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Agribusiness

A

Farms run as corporations

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2
Q

Transnational corporations

A

Agribusinesses that operate in many countries

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3
Q

Vertical integration

A

Ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good

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4
Q

Economies of scale

A

An increase in efficiency to lower the per unit production cost resulting in greater profits

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5
Q

Commodity chain

A

A process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and transport them to consumers

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6
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The available resources that can be harvested without harming the land

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7
Q

Cool chains

A

Transportation networks to keep food cool on a trip

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8
Q

Location theory

A

Deals with why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity

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9
Q

von Thünen Model

A

An economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market

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10
Q

Isotropic plain

A

Flat and featureless and similar throughout

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11
Q

Horticulture

A

A type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming

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12
Q

Bid-price curve (bid-rent curve)

A

Can be used to determine the starting point for each land use relative to the market as well as where each land use would end

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13
Q

Free-market economy

A

Where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land

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14
Q

Comparative advantage

A

Naturally occuring beneficial conditions

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15
Q

Supply chain

A

All the steps required to get a product or service to customers

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16
Q

Luxury crops

A

Are note essential to human survival but have a high profit margin

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17
Q

Neocolonialism

A

The use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies

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18
Q

Fair trade movement

A

An effort to promote higher incomes for producers and for more sustainable farming practices

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19
Q

Subsidies

A

Public support to farmers to ensure that customers have a dependable, low cost food supply

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20
Q

Infrastructure

A

The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development

21
Q

Land cover change

A

Process by which agricultural areas are lost to development

22
Q

Desertification

A

The transition of land from fertile to desert

23
Q

Salinization

A

when soil in an arid climate has been made available for agricultural production using irrigation

24
Q

Terrace farming

A

One of the earliest human alterations of the landscape in which farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

25
Q

Irrigation

A

The process of diverting water from its natural course or location to aid the production of crops

26
Q

Center-pivot irrigation

A

Watering equipment rotates around a pivot and delivers specific amounts of fertilizer, pesticides, or water to the field

27
Q

Wetlands

A

Low-lying areas that contain a significant amount of water at or near the surface

28
Q

Deforestation

A

The removal of large tracts of forest

29
Q

Slash-and-burn agriculture

A

A type of shifting cultivation where all the vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place

30
Q

Blue Revolution

A

Water equivalent of the green revolution, the fastest growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for 50% of the worlds seafood

31
Q

Overgraze

A

When animals damage the grassland to the extent that the vegetation will not refresh itself even after the animals leave

32
Q

Organic foods

A

Food produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or other unnatural processes

33
Q

Value-added crops

A

Crops that consumers are willing to pay more for because it is hard to find or has special qualities

34
Q

Value-added farming

A

When farmers process their crops into high value products instead of selling it as it comes from the field

35
Q

Local-food movement

A

Seeking out food produced nearby

36
Q

Urban farming

A

Production of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food

37
Q

Community gardens

A

Used to share agricultural products with family, friends, or those in need rather than as a business

38
Q

Vertical farms

A

Grow crops in stackable trays using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics

39
Q

Hydroponics

A

Allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions

40
Q

Community-supported agriculture (CSA)

A

a particular network, or association of individuals, who have pledged to support one or
more local farms, with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits of food
production.

41
Q

Food insecurity

A

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences

42
Q

Food desert

A

Urban zones that lack food stores

43
Q

Food distribution system

A

A network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers

44
Q

Food processing

A

The transformation of agricultural products into food or taking food items and transforming them into a different type of food

45
Q

Tariff

A

a tax that a government charges people on import and export goods.

46
Q

Quota

A

Limit the quantity of a good imported

47
Q

Gender inequality

A

The unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based off of gender

48
Q

Gender-specific obstacles

A

Discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity

49
Q

Crop gap

A

Gap between number of male and female farmers

AP HUG (3 decks)

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