Unit 5 - Organic reactions (aromatic)

Question 1

Benzene to alkylbenzene

Answer 1

Halogenoalkane and aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) halogen carrier catalyst

Question 2

Benzene to bromobenzene

Answer 2

Bromine in the dark

Question 3

Benzene to acylbenzene

Answer 3

Acyl chloride and AlCl₃

CH₃COCl + AlCl₃ ——–> CH₃CO⁺ + AlCl₄^-

Question 4

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

Answer 4

Tin, Conc HCl and nitobenzene; reflux (process involves salting out, steam distillation and solvent extraction)

Question 5

Phenylamine to Benzenediazonium Chloride

Answer 5

Phenylamine + nitrous acid below 5oC (Nitrous acid prep in situ by mixing ice cold solutions of dilute HCl and sodium nitrite).

Question 6

Benzenediazonium Chloride to Azo dye

Answer 6

phenol in cold NaOH

Question 7

Benzene to Benzenesulphonic acid

Answer 7

Fuming Sulphuric Acid (Conc. H2SO4 with additional sulphur trioxide), Room Temperature

Question 8

Benzene to Cylcohexane

Answer 8

Hydrogen, 150 degrees, Raney Nickel Catalyst

Question 9

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

Answer 9

A mixture of conc. Nitric and conc. Sulphuric acid, below 55 degrees