Unit 5 - Organic reactions Flashcards
Halogenoalkane to amine
Heat excess alcoholic NH3 (i.e in ethanol) - primary amines
Heat alcoholic NH3 - secondary/ tertiary amines
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
- In theory, oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate and heat
- However it’s difficult to do
Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
H2O at room temperature
Alcohol to halogenoalkane
Reflu with NaBr (sodium bromide) and H2SO4
Alcohol to ketone
Heat with acidified potassium dichromate
Acyl chloride to N-substituted amide
Amine at room temperature
Alkene to halogenoalkane
Hydrogen halide at room temperature
Acyl chloride to ester
Alcohol at room temperature
Alkene to alkane
H2 + nickel Catalyst at 150°C
Carboxylic acid to alcohol
LiAlH4 in dry diethyl ether
Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
PCl5 at room temperature
Alkane to halogenoalkane
Halogen under UV light/radiation = free radical substitution
Alcohol to aldehyde
Heat with acidified potassium dichromate and distill off
Halogenoalkane to alkene
Reflux with sodium hydroxide and ethanol
Halogenoalkane to nitrile
HCN in presence of KCN, with ethanol
Halogenoalkane to alcohol
Reflux with NaOH (aq)
Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile
Reflux HCN in presence of KCN with ethanol
Alcohol to carboxylic acid
Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate
Alcohol to ester
Carboxylic acid and H+ catalyst with H2SO4
Acyl chloride to primary amide
Ammonia at room temperature
Carboxylic acid to ester
Alcohol and H+ catalyst with H2SO4
Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Acid hydrolysis with dilute HCl, H2O under reflux
