Unit 5: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Describe the relationship between the number of valance electrons and bonding in carbon.

Answer 1

carbon can form 4 covalent bonds

Question 2

What kinds of bonds are found in alkanes?

Answer 2

ONLY single covalent bonds (C-C)

Question 3

Using the table on page 695, determine the general formula for a straight chain alkane, given n Carbons.

Answer 3

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 4

Be able to draw condensed structural formulas for molecules.

Answer 4

see notebook

Question 5

Draw an alkane given the IUPAC name and give the IUPAC name given the structure.

Answer 5

see notebook

Question 6

Why are alkanes nonpolar?

Answer 6

e- are shared almost equally

Question 7

a. What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons?
b. What is the hydrocarbon saturated with?

Answer 7

a. saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds (alkanes)
b. H atoms

Question 8

What types of bonds are found in alkenes and alkynes?

Answer 8

alkenes: 2x covalent bond
alkynes: 3x covalent bond

Question 9

a. What ending does the name of alkenes have? b. What ending does the name of alkynes have? c. Draw an alkene or alkyne given the IUPAC name and give the IUPAC name given the structure.

Answer 9

a. -ene
b. -yne
c. see notebook

Question 10

a. What are structural isomers?

b. How do their properties differ?

Answer 10

a. compounds that have the same molecular formulas, but different structures
b. both physical and chemical properties

Question 11

How large are the most abundant hydrocarbon rings in nature?

Answer 11

rings with 5-6 carbons

Question 12

What is the first step in the refining of petroleum?

Answer 12

distillation of crude oil into fractions according to bps

Question 13

What is the first stage in the formation of coal?

Answer 13

peat

Question 14

What about coal’s composition makes it a major source of pollution when burned?

Answer 14

contains sulfur (SO2 and SO3)

Question 15

Know the list of functional groups provided in table 23.1 on page 726 and be able to identify them in molecules.

Answer 15

see phone

Question 16

What happens in a substitution reaction? Can you give an example?

Answer 16

an atom/group of atoms are replaced by another atom/group of atoms
ex: CH4+Cl2 –(uv light)-> CH3Cl+HCl

Question 17

What atom is added to C-C multiple bonds as a chemical test for unsaturation in an organic molecule?

Answer 17

Bromine (Br)

Question 18

Describe the naming rule for ethers.

Answer 18

name attached group in alphabetical order and are followed by the word ‘ether’

Question 19

Do ethers have higher or lower boiling point of alcohols of comparable molar mass?

Answer 19

lower bp

Question 20

Which molecule is larger – ditheyl ether or diphenyl ether?

Answer 20

diphenyl ether

Question 21

What is the naming rule for aldehydes?

Answer 21

ends in ‘-al’

Question 22

What is the naming rule for ketones?

Answer 22

ends in ‘-one’

Question 23

What is the naming rule for carboxylic acids?

Answer 23

ends in ‘-oic acid’

Question 24

a. What is the IUPAC name for acetic acid?

b. What is the structure?

Answer 24

a. ethanoic acid
b. CH3COOH
(see phone)

Question 25

What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

Answer 25

see pg 741

Question 26

When an oxygen atom is attached to a carbon, the oxygen _______ the carbon.

Answer 26

oxidizes