Unit 5: Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Describe the relationship between the number of valance electrons and bonding in carbon.
carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
What kinds of bonds are found in alkanes?
ONLY single covalent bonds (C-C)
Using the table on page 695, determine the general formula for a straight chain alkane, given n Carbons.
C(n)H(2n+2)
Be able to draw condensed structural formulas for molecules.
see notebook
Draw an alkane given the IUPAC name and give the IUPAC name given the structure.
see notebook
Why are alkanes nonpolar?
e- are shared almost equally
a. What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons?
b. What is the hydrocarbon saturated with?
a. saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds (alkanes)
b. H atoms
What types of bonds are found in alkenes and alkynes?
alkenes: 2x covalent bond
alkynes: 3x covalent bond
a. What ending does the name of alkenes have? b. What ending does the name of alkynes have? c. Draw an alkene or alkyne given the IUPAC name and give the IUPAC name given the structure.
a. -ene
b. -yne
c. see notebook
a. What are structural isomers?
b. How do their properties differ?
a. compounds that have the same molecular formulas, but different structures
b. both physical and chemical properties
How large are the most abundant hydrocarbon rings in nature?
rings with 5-6 carbons
What is the first step in the refining of petroleum?
distillation of crude oil into fractions according to bps
What is the first stage in the formation of coal?
peat
What about coal’s composition makes it a major source of pollution when burned?
contains sulfur (SO2 and SO3)
Know the list of functional groups provided in table 23.1 on page 726 and be able to identify them in molecules.
see phone
What happens in a substitution reaction? Can you give an example?
an atom/group of atoms are replaced by another atom/group of atoms
ex: CH4+Cl2 –(uv light)-> CH3Cl+HCl
What atom is added to C-C multiple bonds as a chemical test for unsaturation in an organic molecule?
Bromine (Br)
Describe the naming rule for ethers.
name attached group in alphabetical order and are followed by the word ‘ether’
Do ethers have higher or lower boiling point of alcohols of comparable molar mass?
lower bp
Which molecule is larger – ditheyl ether or diphenyl ether?
diphenyl ether
What is the naming rule for aldehydes?
ends in ‘-al’
What is the naming rule for ketones?
ends in ‘-one’
What is the naming rule for carboxylic acids?
ends in ‘-oic acid’
a. What is the IUPAC name for acetic acid?
b. What is the structure?
a. ethanoic acid
b. CH3COOH
(see phone)
What are the properties of carboxylic acids?
see pg 741
When an oxygen atom is attached to a carbon, the oxygen _______ the carbon.
oxidizes
