Unit 2: Solutions, Acids, and Bases

Question 1

solute

Answer 1

the dissolved particles in a solution

Question 2

solubility

Answer 2

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a specified temp and pressure to produce a saturated solution

Question 3

Lewis acid

Answer 3

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 4

Lewis base

Answer 4

A substance that provides a pair of electrons to a covalent bond

Question 5

Amphoteric

Answer 5

a substance that can act as both an acid and a base (such as water)

Question 6

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 6

Proton donor

Question 7

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 7

Proton acceptor

Question 8

self-ionization

Answer 8

the reaction in which water molecules produce ions

Question 9

ion-product constant of water (Kw)

Answer 9

Kw = [H+] x [OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 M^2

Question 10

acidic solution

Answer 10

a solution in which pH < 7.0

Question 11

basic solution

Answer 11

a solution in which pH > 7.0

Question 12

acid dissociation constant (Ka)

Answer 12

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]

Question 13

molarity

Answer 13

the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L of solution

Question 14

colligative properties

Answer 14

a property that depends only on the number of solute particles, not their identity

Question 15

concentrated

Answer 15

a solution that contains a large amount of solute

Question 16

dilute

Answer 16

a solution that contains a small amount of solute

Question 17

Be able to calculate the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent, when given the solubility.

Answer 17

solubility = g solute/ 100 g solvent

Question 18

What happens to the solubility of a solution when temperature increases?

Answer 18

the solubility increases

Question 19

Henry’s Law

Answer 19

at a given temp, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid
S1/P1 = S2/P2

Question 20

Calculate molarity when given number of moles and volume.

Answer 20

molarity (M) = moles solute/ L solution

Question 21

Calculate mass when given volume and molarity.

Answer 21

M = moles solute/ L solution
mass = moles solute x molar mass

Question 22

Calculate the mass of a solute when given its percent mass in solution.

Answer 22

% (m/m) = (g solute/ g solution) x 100%

Question 23

Be able to write formulas for acids.

Answer 23

in general: HA

Question 24

Identify the acids in a chemical equation.

Answer 24

the reactant that donates 1+ [H+]

Question 25

Explain on a particle basis how the addition of a solute affects the boiling point, the freezing point, and the vapor pressure of the solvent. (6 points!)

Answer 25

vapor-pressure lowering
bp elevation
fp depression