Unit 5 - Opioid & Non-opioid Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

____________ is the first step in the pain process, and it’s the process by which a painful stimulus is converted into an electrical signal that can be carried to the central nervous system (CNS)

A

Transduction

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2
Q

___________ is the process by which pain signals are sent from the body to the brain

A

transmission

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3
Q

__________ is when the pain signal is modified (inhibited or augmented) as it advances towards the cerebral cortex

A

Modulation

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4
Q

________ is when the pain signal is processed & percieved in the cerebral cortex and limbic system

A

Perception

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5
Q

Opioid receptor stimulation _________ neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neurons

A

reduces

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6
Q

What 3 locations contain opioid receptors

A

Brain
spinal cord
peripheral

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of opioid receptors

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa
ORL1

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8
Q

The key effects of ____ receptor stimulation include:

analgesia
bradycardia
resp. depression
euphoria
physical dependence
constipation

A

Mu

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9
Q

(t/f): The existence of Mu receptor subtypes has yet to be proven

A

True

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10
Q

Stimulation of _____ receptors helps stop shivering, but can cause:

dysphoria
delirium
hallucinations

A

Kappa

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11
Q

Opioids shift the CO2 response curve to the ______

A

right

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12
Q

Opioids cause N/V by stimulation of the ___________ & possibly the ___________

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Vestibular apparatus

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13
Q

(T/F): Opioids can cause bradycardia but have a minimal effect on BP in healthy adults

A

true

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14
Q

Opioids cause a contraction of what sphincter?

A

Sphincter of oddi

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15
Q

What 2 drugs can reverse opioid induced sphincter of oddi contraction?

A

Glucagon

Naloxone

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16
Q

What opioids release histamine?

A

Codeine

Morphine

Meperidine

17
Q

(T/F): opioids may be implicated in cancer reocurrence

A

True

18
Q

________ is the standard by which all other opioids are compared

A

morphine

19
Q

Order the opioids from most to least potent

A

Sufenta

Fentanyl/Remifenta

Alfenta

Hydromorphone

Morphine

Meperidine

20
Q

________ occurs when a person will go through withdrawal upon d/c’ing the drug

A

Dependence

21
Q

_______ occurs when a pt requires higher doses of a drug

A

Tolerance

22
Q

__________ is a disease, and is when a person cannot stop taking a drug despite negative effects/consequences

A

Addiction

23
Q

What 2 side effects of opioids can a person not develop tolerance to?

A

Mioisis

Constipation

24
Q

What are early s/s of opioid withdrawal

A

diaphoresis

restlessness

insomnia

25
Q

What are late s/s of opioid withdrawal

A

N/V

Abd cramping

26
Q

With the exception of ________, all opioids undergo _________ biotransformation

A

Remi

Hepatic

27
Q

What opioids produce acitive metabolites?

A

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Meperidine

28
Q

What 2 metabolites does morphine produce?

A

Morphine-3-glucuronide
Morphine-6-glucuronide

29
Q

What metabolite does meperidine produce?

A

normeperidine

30
Q

Which opioids require a dose adjustment w/ renal or hepatic disfunction?

A

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Meperidine