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USAHS Neuroanatomy Test 2 > Unit 5: Meninges > Flashcards

Unit 5: Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

How the brain is protected.

A
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2
Q

Brain Tissue Protection

A

A delicate structure like stiff jello and needs to be protected. The skull provides a strong barrier and meninges are secondary line of defense.

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3
Q

Meninges cover both the brain and spinal cord forming a tight seal with 3 membranes:

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia Mater
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4
Q

Dura Mater

A
  • Thickest and toughest membrane; outermost layer
  • Means “tough mother”
  • Layer is peforated to allow cranial nerves and blood. vessels to pass through
  • Has a periosteal layer and a meningeal layer
  • At the foramen magnum, the meningeal layer meets with spinal dura
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5
Q

Separations of the dura membranes create…

A

Sinuses

  • Sinuses are important parts of the venous drainage system
  • Dura folds in a few places to form septums that separate brain structures
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6
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

One fold of dura that extends into the longitudinal fissure separating the right and left hemispheres

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7
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

A fold of dura that occurs at the back of the brain and divides the cerebral hemispheres (primarily occipital lobe) from the cerebellum

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8
Q

Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli (image)

A

Falx Cerebri (blue) and Tentorium Cerebelli (green)

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9
Q

The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli can cause damage to brain tissue when the head is moved or stopped quickly as often seen in head injuries. The brain tissue can move and abrade at the dural edges causing lacerations. What structure would the Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli most likely damage during a high speed impact to the head?

A

Falx Cerebri: Corpus callosum (side to side movement)

Tentorium cerebelli: Brainstem, midbrain, oculomotor n. or vessel’s

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10
Q

Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli and surrounding structures (image)

A
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11
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A
  • Adheres to the Dura Mater
  • Thinner and more delicate than dura mater but not as delicate as pia mater
  • Gets name from “spiderweb-like” appearance
  • Middle layer of meninges
  • Subarachnoid space is between the pia and arachnoid layers and have trabeculae that suspend the brain
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12
Q

Arachnoid Villa/Granulations

A

Serve as one way valves to the dural sinus (pressure differential 200-80 MMH2O)

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13
Q

Pia Mater

A
  • Thinnest and most delicate meningeal layer and adheres directly to brain tissue
  • Follows each gyri and sulci and adheres to the spinal cord surface to attach and anchor the spinal cord to the dura called the dentate ligaments
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14
Q

Spaces

A
  • Between the layers of the skull, brain, and meninges there are spaces or potential spaces
  • These spaces are important as they contain various structures
  • Each space contains vessels that can give rise to hemorrhage
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15
Q

Epidural Space

A
  • Space that lies above the dura (btw skull and dura)
  • Contains the middle meningeal artery )branch of the external carotid artery
  • Impact to this artery causes hematoma
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16
Q

Epidural Space (image)

A
17
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A
  • Typically traumatic rupture of the middle meningeal artery due to a temporal bone fracture (cause bleed into this space)
  • May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP, herniation (brain shift), and death
18
Q

Epidural vs. Acute Subdural Hematoma

A
19
Q

Subdural Space

A
  • Between the dura and arachnoid

- Contains bridging veins that cross the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses

20
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A
  • Rupture of the briding veins which are suseptible to shear forces
  • Two types: Chronic (elderly/brain shrinks) and acute (usually due to lots of force)
21
Q

Isodense Subdural Hematoma vs Chronic Subdural Hematoma

A
22
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A
  • Between the arachnoid and pia mater
  • Contains major arteries of the brain
  • Contains CSF
23
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A
  • Traumatic (rupture vessels) and Non-Traumatic (aneurysm)
  • Bleeding into the CSF (can disrupt flow/ reabsorption of CSF)
  • Severe Headsches (HA)
24
Q

Hematocrit effect resulting from mixed acute and chronic subdural blood vs. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A
25
Q

Herniations

A

In an enclosed space, pushes against the brain causing it to shift or herniate

26
Q

Subfalcine Herniation

A

Pushes the brain up and under falx cerebri

27
Q

Central Herniation

A

3rd ventricle is midline and structure and goes off of that

28
Q

Uncal Trandtentorial Herniation

A

Temporal Lobe- Uncus: Bump on parahippocampal gyrus

-Mass will push uncus over piece of tentorium (could impact CNS)

29
Q

Tonsillar Herniation

A
  • Bump on cerebellum that protrudes down called Tonsils: sits right above the forament magnum
  • Mass pushes into foramen magnum

USAHS Neuroanatomy Test 2 (8 decks)

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