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Osteopathic Theory 1 > Unit 5 Kuchera > Flashcards

Unit 5 Kuchera Flashcards

1
Q

Superior division of the cervical spine consits of

A

Occiput
Atlas
Axis
And their respective joints

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2
Q

In the occipitoatlanto joint, rotation and sidebending to the same side only occur

A

Following severe trauma or congenital defect

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3
Q

The Occipitoatlanto joint accounts for how much forward and back bending in the cervical spine

A

45 degree so half

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4
Q

The atlanto-axial joint accounts for how much rotation in the cervical spine

A

45 degree so half

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5
Q

The inferior division of the cervical spine consists of

A

C2-C7 and the synovial joints between them

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6
Q

In Neutral mechanics of the cervical spine ____ occurs first and then ____ follows

A

rotation
sidebending

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7
Q

In cervical spine, only difference between neutral and non-neutral mechanics is

A

nonneutral motion, side bending occurs before rotation but still to the same side

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8
Q

Sidebending of the lumbars on the sacrum engages what sacral axis

A

Oblique sacral axis on the side of side bending.

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9
Q

Definition of vertebral unit

A

Two adjacent vertebrae , their joints and the intervertebral discs between them

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10
Q

How is the vertebral unit named

A

Superior member of the unit (Superior vertebrae)

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11
Q

How is the motion of the sacrum determined

A

indirectly by the actions of muscles that funciton ot move the back or legs

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12
Q

Ganglion impar is what

A

Single sympathetic ganglion formed by the right and left sympathetic chains end by joining together on the ventral surface of the coccyx

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13
Q

Sacral promontory

A

Most anterior and superior projections of the 1st sacral vertebral body,

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14
Q

Sacral canal

A

Posterior to the bodies of the sacral vertebrae and medial to the sacral crest

Carries nerves of the sacral portion of cauda equina

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15
Q

Defect near the apex of sacrum called

A

Sacral hiatus and cornu

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16
Q

How is sacral hiatus and cornu formed

A

by failure of lamina of 5th sacral vertebrae to meet in the midline

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17
Q

Where is the opening for a epidural

A

Sacral hiatus and cornu

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18
Q

The point of change in direction of the sacrum is

A

Inferior lateral angle of the sacrum (ILA)

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19
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament attaches

A

Lateral to the ILA’s of sacrum and extends down to ischial tuberosities

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20
Q

Sacral sulcus

A

Space between spine of the sacrum and lateral sacral crest

21
Q

Sacroiliac joints are primarily strengthened by

A

Anterior interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Accessory ligaments - sacrospinous, sacrotuberous and iliolumbar ligaments

22
Q

First ligament to become strained when lumbosacral imbalance is present

A

Iliolumbar

23
Q

Lumbar spine disks are

A

thicker anteriorly then posteriorly to maintain normal lumbar lordosis

24
Q

Pedicles of lumbar spine are attached to

A

Superior 1/3 of posterior surface of each lumbar vertebrae
They give rise to superior and posterior articular processes

25
Q

Both anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments attach where

A

Intervertebral disks

26
Q

Capsular and ligamentum flava is found where

A

between lamina

27
Q

How many transverse axis of the sacrum are there

A

3;
Superior transverse axis
Middle transverse axis
Inferior transverse axis

28
Q

The middle transverse axis of the sacrum is located in which plane

A

Horizontal plane

29
Q

The sacral base rocks anteriorly and posteriorly about what axis

A

Middle transverse axis of sacrum

30
Q

How many oblique axis of the sacrum are there

A

2

31
Q

How are the oblique axis of the sacrum named

A

According to the side of the body toward which the superior end of the oblique axis is located at

32
Q

The innominate rotates

A

Anteriorly & posteriorly around the inferior transverse axis of the sacrum

33
Q

True pelvic ligaments

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
Posterior sacroiliac ligament

34
Q

Accessory pelvic ligaments

A

Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous
Iliolumbar

35
Q

Anatomy of Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Forms medial border of greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Caudally it is connected with biceps femoris tendon
Anteriorly it is continuous with the falciform ligament which connects with obturator internus fascia
Gives partial attachment to piriformis
Landmark to find ILA

36
Q

Anatomy of Sacrospinous ligament

A

Divide greater from the lesser sciatic foramen
Partial attachment for coccygeal muscle
Prudendal nerve passes under it
Help locate ischial spine for proper administration of a prudendal block

37
Q

Anatomy of Iliolumbar ligament

A

Keeps L5 from sliding anterioly
Allows smooth symmetry of motions between sacrum and innominate while walking
Often 1st ligament to become painful and produce symptoms when their is a decompensation of the lumbosacral region
If irritated, may produce back pain but also hernia-like pain or symptoms in inguinal area

38
Q

Without strong ligaments in the lumbosacral region and sacroiliac region

A

Sacral base would rock anteriorly and apex posteriorly
Increasing lumbosacral angle

39
Q

What ligaments keep sacral base from rocking anteriorly

A

Sacroiliac ligaments and iliolumbar

40
Q

Movement of the sacrum about the sacral axes is produced by

A

Tension on the ligaments and downward effects of gravity upon those ligaments

41
Q

Primary pelvic muscles

A

Coccygeus
Levator ani and its divisons & subdivisions

42
Q

Secondary pelvic muscles

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Iliopsoas

43
Q

The narrowing of what ligament leaves the posterolateral lumbar disks weak

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

44
Q

Non-Neutral mechanics

A

When range of curvature engages structures at the end of motion

45
Q

Which motion occurs first in neutral mechanics of the T&L spine

A

Sidebending

46
Q

Which motion occurs first in non neutral mechanics of the T& L spine

A

Rotation

47
Q

Somatic dysfunction in neutral mechanics of the T& L spine occurs typically over

A

4 vertebral segments

48
Q

Somatic dysfunction of the T&L spine in non - neutral mechanics typically occurs

A

In a single segment. Often at transition zone.

49
Q

What is spinal dysfunction?

A

When the spinal diagnosis does not fall into the fryette mechanical theory

Osteopathic Theory 1 (7 decks)

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