Kuchera 4 Flashcards by Ally Richards

Results of good chest function are

Decreased tissue congestion
Increased cardiac output
Increased circulation
Increase cellular nutrition
Increase immune response

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Lymph return is the only way for what to get back into circulation?

lipids and interstitial proteins

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T/F - Reduced venous and/or lymphatic return can separately or together be responsible for hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output and decreased effectiveness of the immune system?

True

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What are the accessory muscles of respiration?

SCM, 3 Scalenes, pec major and minor, serratus anterior, lats, QL

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What level of thoracic vertebrae does the suprasternal notch lie at?

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the xiphoid process is anterior to?

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the Angle of Louis is anterior to?

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the umbilicus is anterior to?

L3/4

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Functionally, the anatomical thoracic inlet includes what boundaries?

T1
right and left first rib
manubrium

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Sibson’s Fascia

Connective tissue that covers the apex of each lung - the final fascial area for obstruction of the two great lymphatic collecting channels that bring interstitial fluids from the body back to the brachiocephalic verins.

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Functional thoracic inlet

T1-4
first 2 ribs
manubrium
sternum

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What are the parasympathetic nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet (C7-T3)?

vagus (heart, lungs, upper GI, small intestines, right colon and kidneys)

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what are the somatic nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet?

nerves to the arm (brachial plexus)
phrenic (C3/4/5 - to diaphragm)

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What is the cervicothoracic fascial diaphragm?

Sibson’s fascia

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lies cephalad to each clavicle

supraclavicular space

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supraclavicular space

not used directly in diagnosing the thoracic inlet dysfunction, but can indicate congestion in the head or neck on that side

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infraclavicular spaces

soft tissue immediately caudal and posterior to the inferior surface of the shaft of each clavicle

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What are the most basic structures that make up the functional shoulder?

humerus, scapula, clavicle

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What is the main activity of the rotator cuff?

stabilize and maintain the integrity of the GH during shoulder function

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which direction does the shoulder joint glide during abduction?

inferiorly

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which direction does the glenoid fossa face?

30 degrees anterior to a true sagittal plane - laterally and slightly anterior

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Reduced venous and/or lymphatic return can separately or together be responsible for

hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output and decreased effectiveness of the immune system

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How many costovertebral joints are there?

12 - costovertebral
10- costotransverse

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T/F - is the costosternal joint a synchondrosis?

True - this joint is for support not motion

What are the ligaments that stabilize the SC joint?

interclavicular sternoclavicular costoclavicular

What muscle stabilizes the SC joint?

subclavius

the subclavius muscle depresses and pulls the medial side of the clavicle forward - therefore the lateral end of the clavicle...

is being elevated

what is the first structural stage of maturity in the AC joint?

it is a fibrocartilaginous bridge until the age of 2

what is the second stage of maturity of the AC joint?

becomes a meniscoid-snovial joint

what is the last stage of AC joint maturity?

after 20 - it begins to degenerate

what happens to the AC joint after 40?

it becomes markedly degenerated

what direction does the facet at the distal end of the AC joint face?

posterior, lateral and inferior

what arm position provides the best opportunty to feel a 'gapping' in the AC joint?

adducted across the thorax

what are the 4 ligaments that stabilize the AC joint?

acromiomclavicular medial coraclavicular coracromial lateral coraclavicular ligaments (trapezoid/conoid)

The coracoacromial ligament has no mechanical function with regard to…

normal joint motion

What does the coracoacromial ligament protect the GH from?

blows coming down from above and superior dislocations for forces coming up the arm

What ligament gives the AC joint its primary strength?

acromioclavicular ligament

what ligament is the lateral and anterior branch of the coracoclavicular ligament?

trapezoid ligament

what ligament is the posterior and medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament?

the conoid ligament

two false scapulocostal joints

(serrato-scapular serrato-costal)

T/F - Suprahumeral joint is a false joint

TRUE

The scapulocostal joint allows the scapula to

Rotate and glide medial & lateral, superior and inferior over the posterolateral thoracic cage.

How does the radius rotate around ulna during supination

Distal end of radius rotates posterolateraly , and the radial head glides anteriorly around ulna

How does radius rotate around ulna during pronation

Distal end of radius rotates anteriorly and medially and the radial head glides posteriorly around ulna

In anatomical position, which direction does the greater tubercle & lesser tubercle face

Greater faces lateral Lesser faces anteriorly

What is the coracoacromial arch composed of?

coracoid process acromion process coracoacromial ligament (stretched between these two structures)

What does the supraspinous canal contain?

supraspinatus muscle periarticular muscles tendon of long head of biceps three bursae

what are the three bursae found in the supraspinous canal?

subdeltoid subacromial subcoracoid

what happens if there is inflammation of the supraspinatus muscle and its not free to glide in the supraspinous canal?

may have scarring that might result in tendon producing jerky or jumping quality abduction of the arm

foramen of weitbrect

a small opening in the glenohumeral joint capsule between superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments

foremen of rouvier

a rarely seen space in the shoulder joint capsule between middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

what is the weakest area of the GH capsule? (the most common site for dislocations)

foramen of weitbrect

What are the two muscles that allow for a posterior dislocation of the GH?

infraspinatus teres minor

What are the two ligaments that reinforce the bicipital groove?

transverse humeral, coracohumeral

Scapulohumeral rhythm

2:1 ratio 2 degrees of abduction/flexion = 1 degrees of upward rotation from the scapula (or vice versa (2 degrees of adduction/extension = 1 degree of downward rotation))

Distal ulna is abducted the olecranon process glides

medially

Distal ulna adducted the olecranon glides

laterally

Which joint functionally links the true elbow and wrist joint

Proximal and distal radiocarpal synovial joints Fibrous interosseous membrane (middle radiocarpal)

What type of joint is the true wrist joint

Condylar or ellipsoid