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Osteopathic Theory 1 > Kuchera 4 > Flashcards

Kuchera 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Results of good chest function are

A

Decreased tissue congestion
Increased cardiac output
Increased circulation
Increase cellular nutrition
Increase immune response

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2
Q

Lymph return is the only way for what to get back into circulation?

A

lipids and interstitial proteins

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3
Q

T/F - Reduced venous and/or lymphatic return can separately or together be responsible for hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output and decreased effectiveness of the immune system?

A

True

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4
Q

What are the accessory muscles of respiration?

A

SCM, 3 Scalenes, pec major and minor, serratus anterior, lats, QL

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5
Q

What level of thoracic vertebrae does the suprasternal notch lie at?

A

T2

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6
Q

the xiphoid process is anterior to?

A

T9

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7
Q

the Angle of Louis is anterior to?

A

T4

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8
Q

the umbilicus is anterior to?

A

L3/4

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9
Q

Functionally, the anatomical thoracic inlet includes what boundaries?

A
  • T1
  • right and left first rib
  • manubrium
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10
Q

Sibson’s Fascia

A

Connective tissue that covers the apex of each lung - the final fascial area for obstruction of the two great lymphatic collecting channels that bring interstitial fluids from the body back to the brachiocephalic verins.

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11
Q

Functional thoracic inlet

A
  • T1-4
  • first 2 ribs
  • manubrium
  • sternum
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12
Q

What are the parasympathetic nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet (C7-T3)?

A

vagus (heart, lungs, upper GI, small intestines, right colon and kidneys)

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13
Q

what are the somatic nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet?

A
  • nerves to the arm (brachial plexus)
  • phrenic (C3/4/5 - to diaphragm)
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14
Q

What is the cervicothoracic fascial diaphragm?

A

Sibson’s fascia

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15
Q

lies cephalad to each clavicle

A

supraclavicular space

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16
Q

supraclavicular space

A

not used directly in diagnosing the thoracic inlet dysfunction, but can indicate congestion in the head or neck on that side

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17
Q

infraclavicular spaces

A

soft tissue immediately caudal and posterior to the inferior surface of the shaft of each clavicle

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18
Q

What are the most basic structures that make up the functional shoulder?

A

humerus, scapula, clavicle

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19
Q

What is the main activity of the rotator cuff?

A

stabilize and maintain the integrity of the GH during shoulder function

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20
Q

which direction does the shoulder joint glide during abduction?

A

inferiorly

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21
Q

which direction does the glenoid fossa face?

A

30 degrees anterior to a true sagittal plane - laterally and slightly anterior

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22
Q

Reduced venous and/or lymphatic return can separately or together be responsible for

A

hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output and decreased effectiveness of the immune system

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23
Q

How many costovertebral joints are there?

A

12 - costovertebral
10- costotransverse

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24
Q

T/F - is the costosternal joint a synchondrosis?

A

True - this joint is for support not motion

25
Q

What are the ligaments that stabilize the SC joint?

A

interclavicular
sternoclavicular
costoclavicular

26
Q

What muscle stabilizes the SC joint?

A

subclavius

27
Q

the subclavius muscle depresses and pulls the medial side of the clavicle forward - therefore the lateral end of the clavicle…

A

is being elevated

27
Q

what is the first structural stage of maturity in the AC joint?

A

it is a fibrocartilaginous bridge until the age of 2

28
Q

what is the second stage of maturity of the AC joint?

A

becomes a meniscoid-snovial joint

29
Q

what is the last stage of AC joint maturity?

A

after 20 - it begins to degenerate

30
Q

what happens to the AC joint after 40?

A

it becomes markedly degenerated

31
Q

what direction does the facet at the distal end of the AC joint face?

A

posterior, lateral and inferior

32
Q

what arm position provides the best opportunty to feel a ‘gapping’ in the AC joint?

A

adducted across the thorax

33
Q

what are the 4 ligaments that stabilize the AC joint?

A

acromiomclavicular
medial coraclavicular
coracromial
lateral coraclavicular ligaments (trapezoid/conoid)

34
Q

The coracoacromial ligament has no mechanical function with regard to…

A

normal joint motion

35
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament protect the GH from?

A

blows coming down from above and superior dislocations for forces coming up the arm

36
Q

What ligament gives the AC joint its primary strength?

A

acromioclavicular ligament

37
Q

what ligament is the lateral and anterior branch of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

trapezoid ligament

38
Q

what ligament is the posterior and medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

the conoid ligament

39
Q

two false scapulocostal joints

A

(serrato-scapular
serrato-costal)

40
Q

T/F - Suprahumeral joint is a false joint

A

TRUE

41
Q

The scapulocostal joint allows the scapula to

A

Rotate and glide medial & lateral, superior and inferior over the posterolateral thoracic cage.

42
Q

How does the radius rotate around ulna during supination

A

Distal end of radius rotates posterolateraly , and the radial head glides anteriorly around ulna

43
Q

How does radius rotate around ulna during pronation

A

Distal end of radius rotates anteriorly and medially and the radial head glides posteriorly around ulna

44
Q

In anatomical position, which direction does the greater tubercle & lesser tubercle face

A

Greater faces lateral
Lesser faces anteriorly

45
Q

What is the coracoacromial arch composed of?

A

coracoid process
acromion process
coracoacromial ligament (stretched between these two structures)

46
Q

What does the supraspinous canal contain?

A

supraspinatus muscle
periarticular muscles
tendon of long head of biceps
three bursae

47
Q

what are the three bursae found in the supraspinous canal?

A

subdeltoid
subacromial
subcoracoid

48
Q

what happens if there is inflammation of the supraspinatus muscle and its not free to glide in the supraspinous canal?

A

may have scarring that might result in tendon producing jerky or jumping quality abduction of the arm

49
Q

foramen of weitbrect

A

a small opening in the glenohumeral joint capsule between superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments

50
Q

foremen of rouvier

A

a rarely seen space in the shoulder joint capsule between middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

51
Q

what is the weakest area of the GH capsule? (the most common site for dislocations)

A

foramen of weitbrect

52
Q

What are the two muscles that allow for a posterior dislocation of the GH?

A

infraspinatus
teres minor

53
Q

What are the two ligaments that reinforce the bicipital groove?

A

transverse humeral,
coracohumeral

54
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2:1 ratio
2 degrees of abduction/flexion = 1 degrees of upward rotation from the scapula (or vice versa (2 degrees of adduction/extension = 1 degree of downward rotation))

55
Q

Distal ulna is abducted the olecranon process glides

A

medially

56
Q

Distal ulna adducted the olecranon glides

A

laterally

57
Q

Which joint functionally links the true elbow and wrist joint

A

Proximal and distal radiocarpal synovial joints
Fibrous interosseous membrane (middle radiocarpal)

58
Q

What type of joint is the true wrist joint

A

Condylar or ellipsoid

Osteopathic Theory 1 (7 decks)

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