Unit 5 keywords Flashcards
acid
proton donor; forms hydrogen ions in a solution
Atmosphere
a unit of pressure, equal to 760 mm Hg/torr
Avogadro’s Law
when temperature and pressure are constant, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules
Barometer
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure using mercury in a tube
Base
proton acceptor; forms hydroxide ions in a solution
Boyle’s Law
at a constant temperature, as the pressure of a gas increases, volume decreases
Buret
graduated tube used to measure volumes of liquids and gases
Charles’ Law
at a constant pressure, as the temperature of a gas increases, volume increases
Diffusion
gas molecules move through other gases and disperse in a container
Effusion
gas molecules move through a small hole from one container to another
equivalence point
the point during titration where a solution becomes completely neutral
end point
the end of titration, when a solution changes color due to an indicator
Gay-Lussac’s Law
at a constant volume, as the temperature of a gas increases, pressure increase
ideal gas
A theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving point particles. the concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law.
kinetic molecular theory
a theory that states that all matter is composed of particles in motion and that the rate of motion varies directly with the temperature.
Manometer
a measuring instrument that measures the pressure of a fluid or gas in a confined space. A manometer indicates the pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure.
pH probe
a scientific instrument that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution by measuring the hydrogen-ion activity in the solution:
pH scale
a measure of how acidic/basic water is. (0-14, 7=neutral, >7=acitic, <7=basic)
pressure
the force exerted per unit area,
standard temperature and pressure (STP)
nominal conditions in the atmosphere at sea level. (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure)
strong acid
An acid which dissociates completely in water and produces a large amount of hydrogen ions.
titrant
a solution of known concentration that is added (titrated) to another solution to determine the concentration of a second chemical species.
titration
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration.
weak acid
An acid which dissociates partially in water and produces a small amount of hydrogen ions
