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Honors Biology > Unit 5 Genetics study guide > Flashcards

Unit 5 Genetics study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Using the letters A/a, given an example of the following:
1. Homozygous: ________
2. Heterozygous: ______
3. Homozygous Recessive: _______

A
  1. Homozygous: AA
  2. Heterozygous: Aa
  3. Homozygous Recessive: aa
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2
Q

Who is the founding father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

Why did Mendel experiment with peas?

A

they grow quickly, are easy to breed, and have a variety of traits.

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4
Q

Cleft chin (C) is dominant over non-cleft chin (c). What is the PHENOTYPE of an individual with a genotype that is CC?

A

Cleft Chin

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5
Q

Red fur (R) is dominant over white fur (r). What is the GENOTYPES of a fox with red fur?

A

RR,Rr

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6
Q

In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant over wrinkled peas (r). If two Heterozygous round-pea plants are crossed, what are the possible GENOTYPES of the offspring?

Draw punnet square

A

25% RR & 25% rr & 50% Rr

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7
Q

Male Sex-Chromosome:

A

XY

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8
Q

Female Sex-Chromosome:

A

XX

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9
Q

In genetics, sex-linked characteristics, like certain diseases or disorders, are attached to the X or the Y sex chromosome?

A

X chromosome

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10
Q

Are sex-linked characteristics more prevalent in men or women?

A

Men

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11
Q

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _______.

A

Heredity

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12
Q

A(n) __________ cross is a cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits.

A

monohybrid

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13
Q

Mendel called the offspring of the P generation the ___________ generation.

A

F1 generation

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14
Q

Different forms of a particular gene are called ____________.

A

Alleles

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15
Q

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait are called ___________.

A

Homozygous

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16
Q

An organism´s _____________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited.

A

genotype

17
Q

The external appearance of an organism is its ___________.

A

phenotype

18
Q

A trait controlled by three or more alleles is said to have _________ ________.

A

multiple alleles

19
Q

A phenomenon in which a heterozygous individual has a phenotype that is blended between the phenotypes of its two homozygous parents is called _____________ ______________

A

Incomplete dominance

20
Q

Traits like eye, hair, and skin color are determined by _____________ inheritance.

A

polygenic

21
Q

In bears, Brown fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b).
Cross a HETEROZYGOUS bear with (a) WHITE bear. Do the Punnet square. Give the GENOTYPE RATIO of the offspring (For example: G: 3Bb:1bb)

A

Genotype Ratio: 2Bb:2bb

22
Q

In bears, Brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). Cross a homozygous dominant bear with a white bear. Do the punnet square. Give the PHENOTYPE RATIO of the offspring.

A

Phenotype Ratio:
100% Brown fur
0% White fur

23
Q

A women with type AB blood has a baby with a man with the type O blood. Cross the two parental blood types. What is the chance (in percentage) that the baby has the following blood types: Type A, Type B, and Type AB
Draw a Punnet Square

A

Type A blood: 50%
Type B blood: 50%
Type AB blood: 0%

24
Q

Normal skin is dominant over albino skin. The ability to taste cilantro is dominant over the inability to taste. A normally pigmented woman who is a taster has a father who is an albino non-taster.

a. What is the GENOTYPE of the woman (daughter)?

b. What FRACTION of the children will be a taster albino?

c. What FRACTION will be non-taster albinos?

A

a. NnTt
Explanation: It states her father is a non-taster albino those are both RECESSIVE traits and she is all dominant. Since you ALWAYS take 50% from mom and 50% from dad that means she is a CARRIER of her dads genes. N and T from mom and n and t from dad

b. 3/16

c. 1/16

25
Q

The genealogy chart represents sex-linked recessive color blindness. Shaded individuals have color blindness.

  1. What is the genotype of 6? Include the X or Y chromosome. ________
  2. What is the genotype of 8? Include the X or Y chromosome. ________

F 1: R? + M 2: rr
F 5: Rr - M 6: rr - M 7: rr

F 3: RR + M 4: RR
F 8: RR - F 9: RR - F10: RR
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
M 7: rr + F 8: RR
M 11: RR - F 12: rr - M 13: RR - M 14: RR

A
  1. XrY
  2. XRXR

Honors Biology (2 decks)

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