Unit 5 CoHRNB Flashcards
What is the definition of a term newborn?
A term newborn is born between 37-42 weeks AOG (age of gestation).
What is the definition of a preterm newborn?
A preterm newborn is born before 37 weeks AOG.
What is the definition of a postterm newborn?
A postterm newborn is born after 42 weeks AOG.
What are the priorities in the first days of life for a newborn?
- Initiation and maintenance of respirations
- Establishment of extrauterine circulation
- Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
- Control of body temperature
- Intake of adequate nourishment
- Establishment of waste elimination
- Prevention of infection
- Establishment of an infant–parent/caregiver relationship
- Institution of developmental care
What are the steps in newborn resuscitation?
- Establish an airway
- Expand the lungs
- Initiate and maintain effective ventilation
- Chest compressions if the heart starts to fail
What is primary apnea in newborns?
Primary apnea is a pause in respirations longer than 20 seconds with accompanying bradycardia.
What is secondary apnea in newborns?
Secondary apnea follows primary apnea and is associated with asphyxia.
What are the signs of respiratory compromise in newborns?
- Steadily increasing respiratory rate
- Grunting
- Nasal flaring
- Intercostal retractions
What is the recommended rate for administering air or oxygen to a high-risk newborn?
40 to 60 ventilations per minute.
What are the signs of hypovolemia in a newborn?
- Tachypnea
- Pallor
- Tachycardia
- Decreased arterial blood pressure
- Decreased central venous pressure
- Decreased tissue perfusion
What is the neutral-temperature environment for a newborn?
An environment that maintains the minimal metabolic rate necessary, avoiding both overheating and cooling.
What are the risks of a newborn being too cold?
- Increased oxygen demand
- Hypoxia
- Vasoconstriction
- Pulmonary vasoconstriction
- Decreased surfactant production
- Acidosis
- Kernicterus
What are the signs of hunger in a newborn?
- Rooting
- Crying
- Sucking motions
What are the common perinatal infections?
- Herpes simplex 2
- Hepatitis B
What are the early-onset sepsis organisms in newborns?
- Group B streptococcus
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella
- Listeria monocytogenes
