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Pharm Test 2 > Unit 5 CNS Agents ppt. slides > Flashcards

Unit 5 CNS Agents ppt. slides Flashcards

0
Q

phenelzine (Nardil)
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
isocarboxazid (Marpan)
are all examples of :

A

MAOIs

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1
Q 
fluoxetine (Prozac)
citalopram (Celexa)
fluvoxamine (Lyvox)
paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft) are all examples of :
A

SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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2
Q

Avoid use of MAOIs and Opiods with what class of medication?

A

SSRIs

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3
Q

Anti depression meds belong to which enzyme family?

A

CYP2D6

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4
Q

Codeine, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Meperidine and Oxycodone belong to which enzyme family?

A

CYP2D6

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5
Q

Codeine, Hydrocodone, and Oxycodone are all prodrugs. If a prodrug is poorly metabolized it will result in

A

Little effect.

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6
Q

clonazepam (Klonopin), cocaine, diazepam (Valium), and zolpidem (Ambien) are all metabolized by which enzyme?

A

CYP3A4

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7
Q

The focus of therapy for pain should start with

A

Non-narcotic treatment first

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8
Q

Depression first line pharmacological treatment

A

SSRIs: fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), escitalopram (Lexapro)

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9
Q

Anxiety first line treatment :

A

SSRIs and SNRIs

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10
Q

Treatment for panic disorder :

A

Acute: Benzodiazepine

Long term: SSRI (Prozac most common)

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11
Q

Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease have a reduced cerebral production of

A

choline acetyl transferase

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12
Q

Treatment for Dementia

A 
Cholinesterase inhibitors :
donepezil (Aricept) first line !
rivastigmine (Exelon)
galantamine (Razadyne)
NMDA receptor agonist : memantine hydrochloride (Namenda)
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13
Q

Non pharmacological treatment for dementia:

A

Symptomatic treatment: environmental manipulation, support function, safety precautions, treatment of behavioral disturbances

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14
Q

ADHD first line treatment:

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin, Methylin,Concentra)

Watch for decrease in seizure threshold !!!

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15
Q

Bell’s palsy is caused by

A

Viral etiology. Trauma to peripheral branches of facial nerve.

16
Q

Bell’s palsy treatment:

A

Prednisone (60-80mg/day) and
Valacyclovir (1000mg TID)

X 1 week

17
Q

Insomnia treatment:

A

Benzodiazepines: triazolam, lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril)

Nonbenzodiazepine sedatives: zolpidem (Ambien) :Melatonin agonist
Nonbenzos in elderly: prevent falls

18
Q

Headache drug treatment:

A

Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofun, naproxen

19
Q

Migraine treatment

A

NSAIDs first

If responding poorly : triptans, DHE,ergotamine

20
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia treatment :

A

Carbamazpine (Tegretol)

100-200 mg BiD

21
Q

Febrile seizures (pedi) treatment

A

fosphenytoin (15 to 20 mg/kg IV) for persistent seizures

22
Q

Drug of choice for Parkinson’s disease:

A

Levodopa

23
Q

First choice for mild osteoarthritis pain

A

Acetaminophen

24
Q

Maximum Tylenol dosage for adult is

A

4 G/day

25
Q

Aspirin mechanism of action:

A

Inhibit production of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in the CNS and peripheral tissue.

Pain is relieved when inflammation is decreased and prostaglandins are reduced.

26
Q

Steps in treating pain:

A
  1. Non pharmacological treatment first !
  2. Acetaminophen
  3. NSAIDs
27
Q

Treatment steps in ADHD

A
  1. Counseling for parent or guardian
  2. methylphenidate
  3. long acting methylphenidate if kid has problem with multiple doses
  4. Amphetamine salt
  5. TCA antidepressant ( for patients with substance abuse)
  6. Bupropion for pts with cardiac disease
28
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors mechanism of action

A

Blocks enzyme that degrades acetylcholine in brain therefore increasing acetylcholine at synaptic cleft and enhances cholinergic transmission.

Improves function and slows progression of dementia.

29
Q

Emphasize to dementia patients families that medication treatment

A

Is not a cure

30
Q 
Hydantoin: Phenytoin
Succinimide: Ethosuximide
GABA analogs: valproic acid, gabapentin, pregabalin, topiramate
Barbiturates: Phenobarbital, primidone
Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, clonazepam 
Are all examples of :
A

Antiepileptics

31
Q

Mechanism of action antiepileptics

A

All meds increase the threshold of the CNS to convulsive stimuli or inhibit the spread of seizure activity.

32
Q

Discontinuation of antiepileptic therapy may be considered in patients who have been seizure free for ___ years.

A

2

33
Q

T/F All antiepileptics have been associated with an increase in birth defects

A

True !

Cleft lip and palate, cardiac and septal defects, neural tube defects

34
Q

Parkinson’s disease patient has a lack of :

A

Dopamine

Tx. Levadopa converts to dopamine

35
Q

Treatment principles of antidepressants:

A
  1. Establish diagnosis
  2. Assess suicide risk
  3. Initiate counseling
  4. Offer no pharmacological tx.
  5. Drug therapy
  6. Continue treatment 4-9 months.
36
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatment for depression:

A 
Psychotherapy
Relaxation techniques
Nutrition
Exercise
Sleep
Hygiene

Pharm Test 2 (11 decks)

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