Unit 5: Chemical Formulas and Reactions Flashcards
cation
an ion with a positive (+) charge
anion
an ion with a negative (-) charge
monatomic ion
substances that consist of single atoms
polyatomic ion
a tightly bound group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and behaves as a unit
binary compound
a compound composed of 2 elements; can be either ionic or molecular
mole
6.02 x 10^23 representative particles of a substance
Avogadro’s number
6.02 x 10^23
molar mass
the mass of a mole of an element
-the atomic mass of the element expressed in grams
empirical formula
the basic formula that gives the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms of the elements in a compound
molecular formula
the chemical formula of a molecular compound
combination reaction
a chemical change in which 2+ substances react to form a single new substance
decomposition reaction
a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into 2+ simpler products
Differentiate between the five types of reactions.
combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion
Why do chemists use a systematic approach to naming compounds?
to be able to describe the compound using the name (water vs dihydrogen monoxide)
What is the mole-volume relationship (pages 300-301)?
1 mole of a gas (at STP) = 22.4 L
How do you determine the charge of a cation formed from a metal of Group 1A, 2A, or 3A.?
Group 1A= 1+
Group 2A= 2+
Group 3A= 3+
How do you name monatomic ions?
+cations (mainly metals)= element ion/cation
-anions (usually nonmetals)= stem of element -ide
What are the polyatomic ions from Table 9.3 on page 257?
(charts are on phone)
What are the prefixes used when naming binary molecular compounds (Table 9.4, page 269)?
1 = mono- 2 = di- 3 = tri- 4 = tetra-
How do you write formulas for ionic compounds and covalent compounds when given the name?
(flow charts are on phone)
How do you write formulas and names for acids and bases?
(chart on phone for acid names and formulas)
-bases are named just like inonic compounds, (flow chart on phone)
What is the general formula for an acid?
H˅(n)X
Where n is the number of Hydrogen (H) ions and X is a monatomic or polyatomic anion
How do you balance a chemical equation?
you add coefficients to the equation so that the number of atoms in equals the number of atoms out
How do you write balanced net ionic equations?
ions that appear unchanged on both sides of an equation and don’t directly participate in the reaction can be crossed out
*similar to removing like terms in an algebraic equation
Calculate the percent composition of a compound.
% mass of element = (mass of element/mass of compound)* 100%
