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Chemistry 10 > Unit 1B: Solids, Liquids, & Gases > Flashcards

Unit 1B: Solids, Liquids, & Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinetic theory

A

All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion

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2
Q

Gas pressure

A

The result of simultaneous collisions of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas with an object

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3
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects

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4
Q

Pascal (Pa)

A

The SI unit of pressure, 1 atm = 100,000 Pa = 1 kPa

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5
Q

Standard atmosphere (atm)

A

The pressure required to support 760 mm Hg in a mercury barometer at 25*C

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6
Q

Combined gas law

A

If the amount of gas is constant, P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

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7
Q

Ideal gas law constant

A

R = 8.31 (LkPa)/(Kmol)

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8
Q

Ideal gas law

A

PV = nRT

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9
Q

Partial pressure

A

The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure exerted by the gas

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10
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

A

At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases:
P(total) = P1+P2+P3+…

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11
Q

Surface tension

A

The inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

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12
Q

Surfactant

A

Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and reduces surface tension

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13
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Water that contains dissolved substances

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14
Q

Solvent

A

The dissolving medium in a solution

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15
Q

Solute

A

The dissolved particles in a solution

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16
Q

Electrolyte

A

A compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or its molten state

17
Q

Hydrate

A

A compound that contains water of hydration (the water contained in a crystal)

18
Q

Describe the assumptions of kinetic theory as it applies to gases.

A
  • the particles in a gas are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume,
  • There are no attractive forces between molecules.
19
Q

Convert atm’s to kPa’s.

A

1 atm = 101.3 kPa

20
Q

Understand the Kelvin scale and how it relates to kinetic energy.

A

The Kelvin scale is directly proportionate to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
K = *C+273

21
Q

Explain the role of external pressure in determining the boiling point of a liquid (pages 392-395).

A

With less external pressure, the molecules within the liquid can break away easier. When pressure decreases, the boiling point also decreases.

22
Q

How do crystal systems differ?

A

In the patterns in which their molecules are arranged, which effects the shape of the crystal

23
Q

How does pressure affect the movement of gas particles?

A

The higher the pressure, the higher the temperature if all other factors remain constant

24
Q

Boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

25
Q

How are real gases different from ideal gases?

A
  • Ideal gases follow all the gas laws under all conditions

- The particles in an ideal gas would have no volume and there would be no attraction between the particles

26
Q

Be able to predict which molecules would be soluble in water.

A

Ionic compounds and polar covalent molecules

27
Q

Suspension

A

A mixture from which the particles settle out upon standing; largest particles

28
Q

What causes Brownian motion?

A

The chaotic movement of colloidal particles

29
Q

List three factors that can affect gas pressure.

A
  • volume (V), measured in liters
  • temperature (T), measured in kelvins
  • number of moles (n)
30
Q

Explain why ice is less dense than liquid water.

A

The positively charged hydrogen atoms in the water molecules keep the negatively charged oxygen atoms of other water molecules at a set difference away. The water molecules in ice are arranged in a regular framework like a honey comb. This means the water molecules in ice are farther apart than in liquid water.

31
Q

Charles’s law

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

*Temp is in Kelvins

31
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

*Temp is in Kelvins

32
Q

Colloids

A

A mixture containing particles of medium size (1 nm- 1000 nm)

33
Q

Solutions

A

A homogeneous mixture that has tiny particles that can’t be filtered out

Chemistry 10 (2 decks)

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