unit 5 chapter 30 Flashcards
nutrition
the study of nutrients and how the body utilizes the nutrients in food
nutrients
substances needed for growth
essential nutrients
must be obtained through food because the body cannot make them in sufficient qualities
what are the 6 classes of nutrients?
carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals
macronutrients
carbohydrate, fat, and protein provide energy
micronutrients
vitamins and minerals regulate body processes
what is a healthy diet?
-Emphasizes fruit, veggies, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat free milk & milk products
- Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans and peas, eggs, and nuts.
-is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars
What is zinc found in?
Found in: Oysters
• Red meat
• Poultry
• Dried peas and beans
• Certain seafood
• Nuts
• Whole grains
• Fortified breakfast cereals
• Dairy products
What are the functions of zinc?
Tissue growth
• Wound healing
• Sexual maturation and reproduction
• Constituent of many enzymes in energy and nucleic acid metabolism
• Immune function
• Vitamin A transport
• Taste perception
What are the defiencys and toxicity of zinc?
Growth retardation
• Hair loss
• Diarrhea
• Delayed sexual maturation
• Impotence
• Eye and skin lesions
• Anorexia
• Delayed wound healing
• Taste abnormality
• Mental lethargy
Toxicity
• Anemia
• Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
• Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Fever
• Impaired calcium absorption
• Renal failure
• Muscle pain
• Reproductive failure
What is iodine found in?
lodized salt
• Seafood
• Bread
• Dairy products
Functions of Iodine?
Component of:
• Thyroid hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate
What are defiencys and toxity of iodine?
Deficiency
• Goiter
• Weight gain
• Lethargy
• During pregnancy may cause severe and irreversible mental and physical retardation (cretinism) in fetus
Toxicity
• Enlarged thyroid gland
• Decreased thyroid activity
What is riboflavin (vitamin b2) found in?
Milk and other dairy products
• Whole grain
• Enriched breads and cereals
• Eggs
• Meat
• Green leafy vegetables
What are the functions of riboflavin?
Coenzyme in energy metabolism
• Aids in the conversion of tryptophan into niacin
