Unit 5 (Ch. 14, 15, 16) Flashcards
Slave Culture (religion, family, labor)
Religion - used to get by in hard times, songs and praying
Family - recreated family like environment
Labor - only worked hard unless they were punished, created task lists
Pine Barrens
10%
Non arable land
Squatters, day laborers
White Social Class in South - Planters (what % and who are they)
25 %
Slave owning, top 1% owns 100+ slaves
Most own less than 5
500 acres
White Social Class in South - Yeoman Farmers
Non slave owners
65%
Own less than 250 acres
Food crops
Compromise of 1850
The problem was over what to do with newly acquired land after Mex-American War. – Henry Clay’s Idea
- California enters as free state
- Utah and New Mexico go under popular sovereignty
- Border Dispute (Texas vs. NM) - NM gets land but Texas loses all debt
- DC - slave trade abolished
- Fugitive Slave Act - 1850 - pro southern - easier to catch, harsher punishments, Ableman vs. Wolf
Author of “Uncle Toms Cabin”? Plot?
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote bout a family in slavery
Election of 1852
Democrat - Pierce – Popular Sovereignty
Whig - Scott – doesn’t take position on slavery
Pierce wins and establishes Kansas - Nebraska Act (1852)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
“Unorganized territory” from Louisiana Purchase is put under Popular Sovereignty
Rise of the Republican Party (when? Why? Who?)
Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery Whigs, free-soilers and northern democrats (ones who were against Pierce)
This upset the Whigs and democrats
Lincoln’s View on Slavery at Peoria Speech in 1854
Popular Sovereignty is wrong
Free soiler!
Not necessary to have slavery
Lincoln’s View on Civil Rights at Peoria Speech in 1854
Does not believe they should be equals
Sympathies to colonization
Lincoln’s View on Abolitionists at Peoria Speech in 1854
Work with them until they turn against you
Sees himself more moderate than an abolitionist
Against repealing of fugitive slave law
Lincoln’s View on Slavery and the Constitution at Peoria Speech in 1854
Slavery never mentioned… Only by necessity!!
Slavery is not a sacred right
Congress and founding fathers “hedged and hemmed” slavery (restricting)
Not a constitutional right
Coopers Union Address Lincoln (date and position on slavery)
1860 - end slavery eventually but more of a free soil position at this point
Open letter to Horace Greeley (date and moral and political position on slavery)
1862
Moral - wishes that all when could be free
Political - same, says the goal is to save the union and ending slavery is not the way to do that
Emancipation Proclamation (date and moral and political position of Lincoln)
1862
Moral - same, wants all men to be free
Political - doesn’t explicitly say that slavery is abolished just that all men are free…
The Gettysburg Address (date and Lincoln’s moral and political position on slavery)
1863
Moral - same, wants all men to be free
Political - finally publicly says that he wishes for men to be free. For the men who have died in the war
Second Inaugural Address
1865
Moral and political - the past is behind us and we will do anything it takes to abolish slavery and finish the work that we have finished
Ostend Manifesto and William Walker (date, what was it and effects)
1854 - Cuban Annexation from Spain
Thought to be a conspiracy of slave power = wasn’t carried out
William walker took over Nicaragua, reinstituted slavery and talked of making it a US province
Know-Nothings
Evolved around a secret Nativist Organization in 1850. Advocated the election of native born Protestants into office.
Election of 1856
Democrat - Buchanan - Popular Sovereignty
Republican - Freemont - Free Soil!!
- Buchanan wins but only 59%
- Freemont still gets 33%
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
1857 - Scott’s owner died and he wants freedom
Sandford says if you are a slave you can never be a citizen and if you are not a citizen then you can’t sue in court
Sandford adopts Common Property Doctrine
Election of 1860
Republican - Lincoln
Southern Democrat - Brekinridge - Common Property Doctrine
Northern Democrat - Douglas - Popular Sovereignty
Constitutional Union - Bell - pro slavery
Lincoln wins 40% popular and 59% electoral without winning one southern state
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Passed by congress over a veto by Johnson
Election of 1868
Grant - republican (dominant during this period)
Seymour - democrat - very racist against blacks, opponents associate him with the south and civil war (Waving the bloody shirt)
Waving the Bloody Shirt
Reference to the blood of heroes (civil war) to criticize opponents
Grant’s position on greenbacks – his response to this opinion
Against! 1875 Specie Resumption Act – called back all currency
Fisk and Gould
Bankers who invested in a ton of gold
Knew when the prices were going up and down so they sold out and made a ton of money
Whiskey Ring
Grants Secretary of Treasury. Profiting off not taxing a whiskey company
Indian Ring
People profiting off selling crappy stuff to Indian Reservations
Boss William Tweed and his conspiracy
Leader of the political machine in NYC. Profited off of city projects by driving up prices on everything they bought and then taking a bit of the price and giving some to seller to not talk.
Thomas Nast
Cartoonist who drew Boss Tweed in harpers weekly
Success of Reconstruction
Black representation in government at state and federal levels. Only happened during reconstruction though.
“Birth of a Nation”
Movie portraying the House of Representative in SC who were majority black. Showed them as crazy and unorganized. Persistent myth!
KKK
- Founder Nathan Bedford Forest - carpet baggers = northerners who moved south for more eligibility
Force Acts
1870-71
Federal troops were used to stop clans
Blacks got federal courts to be tried in
Doesn’t get enforced after reconstruction ends in 1876
The Freedmans Bureau
Helped blacks with food, clothing, medical care and education. Taught blacks how to read. Expired in 1872 because it was despised by the president and southerners
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
Wanted to quickly reestablish southern governments and reunify the nation.
10% Plan - if 10% of the population of the state take an oath of allegiance, the 13th amendment is ratified then they can be a part of the Union.
Government would also help blacks protect their land
No confederates can hold office
Congress Reaction to 10% Plan
Reaction is negative. LA, AK and TN were denied their representation in congress after following the plan.
Congress’s Plan for Reconstruction
1864 - “Wade Davis Bill”
Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Summer were radical Republicans
50% of the population have to take oath and an Ironclad Vote - pledging that you never supported the confederate
13th amendment ratified
No protection of property for blacks
Lincoln’s Response to Congress’s Plan
He pocket vetoes the bill (when congress is dead for 10 days and Lincoln doesn’t sign the bill)
President Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
Wanted to dismantle the planters in the south and ride the common man
50% of pop. take oath
13th amendment
Excludes high ranking officials from office and any confederate who is worth more than $20,000 in taxable property
Johnson pardoned 13,000 people…
Rights guaranteed for blacks in the Black Codes
- Sue and be sued
- Rent any land
- Right to marry
- Right to be witness
- Lawful home or employment with written evidence of it
- Orphans will be given to a family and guaranteed care
Restrictions on blacks in the Black Codes
- Can be arrested if they quit work before contract is over.
- Required to work and if they aren’t they can be fined (vagrants)
- Cannot carry any weapons
- No interracial marriage
- No freedom of assembly
- Can’t sell alcohol to blacks
- Vague language for insulting gestures
Scalawags
Southerners who were accused of plundering the treasuries of the Southern States through their political influence in the radical governments
Carpetbaggers
Sleazy Northerners who had come to the South to seek power and profit
Importance of Sharecroppers
Most freedmen become one. You would pay rent on a farm to the landlord by giving them some crop. Lucky to even support themselves
Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes - Republican who had great record
Samuel Tilden - Democrat - sympathetic to southern planters
Hayes won election by only one vote –> scandal broke out and Tilden got a deal to choose what happens with reconstruction.
He ends it!!
Tunis B. Cambell
Leader in south for black citizenship
Whites got him arrested but was soon released
“The lost cause”
Confederate ideas surfaced as a way to mourn for their lost soldiers
