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AP US History > Unit 4 (Ch. 10, 11, 13) > Flashcards

Unit 4 (Ch. 10, 11, 13) Flashcards

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0
Q

Henry Clay

A

“The Great Compromiser”

Founder of American System (protective tariffs and federally supported internal improvements)

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1
Q

Political democratization

A

Abolition of land requirements for voters
Election by voters
Common man

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2
Q

Spoils System

A

Jackson appointed his supporters to office. Favored partisanship not democratization

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3
Q

Nullification crisis

A

In 1828, he implemented a high protective tariff that was favorable to western agriculture and New England manufacturing. South was outraged. Calhoun supported south. Caused split between Calhoun and Jackson.

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4
Q

Second Bank of the US

A

Jackson vetoed bill to recharter the second bank. Breaking up elites who owned and managed the banks. In favor of democratization because it supported less elites and more common man

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5
Q

Whig Party

A

Party that formed in opposition to Jackson and his inconsistent views on democracy. Supported American system. Support reform movements. Nativists as well.

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6
Q

Panic of 1837

A

When Jackson moved federal revenue into state banks, loans and bank notes increased and land sales skyrocketed. Then in 1837, this all tumbled down and banks started suspending specie payments. Passed treasury bill as response (second Declaration of Independence)

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7
Q

Second great awakening

A

Began in Connecticut during the 1790s. Revivals all around the country rose up and the awakening began. Cainridge Revival in 1801 was said to be the first be revival of the second great awakening.

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8
Q

American Temperance Society

A

Protestants created the first national Terrence organization. Targeted laborers.

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9
Q

Mormons

A

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Book of Mormon
Polygamy allowed (multiple wives)
Brigham Young was leader

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10
Q

New Harmony and Brook Farm

A

New harmony - Marxist based

Brooks farm - contribute what you could and take what you need - transcendentalists

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11
Q

Stephen Austin

A

Helped lead Texas to independence.

Known as one of the greatest empresario (people who got families to move to Texas)

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12
Q

The Shakers

A

United Society of Believers in Christs Second Appearance
Utopian based religion.
Everyone loved celibate lives so they only adopted members and never had sex

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13
Q

The Oneida Community

A

Believed if they could perfect the social world then all problems would go away
John Humphrey Noyes
Everyone is married to everyone else. Sex is arranged by council and matched young with old to prevent affection.

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14
Q

When were German and Irish Immigrants coming to the US the most?

A

1820-1825

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15
Q

The Unitarians

A

Secular religion led by William Ellery Channing
Don’t believe in one religion or one God.
Believed Jesus was moral human and not divine.
Transcendentalists

16
Q

What were the most common occupations for immigrants?

A

Most didn’t have a job but otherwise Germans were mostly farmers and laborers were mostly Irish

17
Q

Nativism

A

Protestants who protested immigration.

18
Q

Oregon Country

A

40,000 people traveled the Oregon Trail. Debate over 54’ or 49’ as border. Settled on 49’.

19
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

Stanton - men and women should be totally equal.

Beecher - women should recognize their roles as raisers of the future men of our world.

20
Q

Dates of Texan Independence

A

Mexico becomes independent from Spain in 1821
Texas asks US for annexation in 1836 (denied)
US officially annexes Texas in 1844.
US defeats Mexico in 1848 (received Mexican Cession)

21
Q

John Tyler

A

Vice President to William Henry Harrison (becomes president after his death). Attempted to annex Texas but failed

22
Q

James Polk

A

Annexed Texas after winning election of 1844. Settled dispute in Oregon on 49’ parallel. Won Mexican American War after sending Zachary Taylor to the front lines as General.

23
Q

Zachary Taylor

A

Victorious General of the Mexican American War. Won election of 1848 - he is a Whig but didn’t take position on Slavery.

24
Q

3 positions on Slavery

A

Free Soil - slavery cannot expand from where it is now. Wilmot Proviso is the proposition of free soilers
Common Property Doctrine - slaves are property who cannot be limited
Popular sovereignty - people in the territory choose for themselves

25
Q

Election of 1848 - positions of the candidates on Slavery

A 
Zachary Taylor (Whig) - no position 
Lewis Cass (Dem) - Popular sovereignty 
Martin Van Buren - free soil party (no expansion)
26
Q

Sam Houston

A

President of Independent Texas.

27
Q

Important innovations during the war

A
  1. Army Hospitals - affects soldiers and broader society

2. Photography - still shots were taken to send home, first war with pictures.

28
Q

Economic effects of the war

A
  1. Expanded trade in SW America

2. US economic activity within Mexico increases

29
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

1848 - US paid $15 million for the land of Mexican Cession. Also guaranteed citizenship for Mexicans who lived in it.

30
Q

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

A

President of Mexico. Cut out slavery and immigration in country. Captured during war with Texas and forced to give them their independence.

31
Q

Election of 1840

A

William Henry Harrison leads “Log Cabin Campaign” - Claimed he grew up in log cabin just like a “frontiersman” or the “common man”

32
Q

Effects of the Second Great Awakening

A

Increased power of women and minorities in Church
Greater optimism in religion
Increasing population of revivalist denominations
Religion also justifies many reform movements

33
Q

Ideological Justification for War

A
  1. Republicanism

2. Manifest Destiny and expansionism

34
Q

Pro-slavery arguments

A

Spiritual - servants in bible
Historical - had slaves forever
Paternalistic - slaves are better taken care of then in factories
Economic - slaves assure prosperity

35
Q

Gag Rule

A

1836-1845

Congress says they will not discuss abolitionism

36
Q

Election of 1844

A

Democrat Polk - immediate annexation of Texas
Whig Clay - do whatever, economic prosperity
Liberty Birney - against annexation of Texas because it is a slave state. Against spread of slavery

AP US History (6 decks)

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