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chem > unit 5-Acids, bases & buffers > Flashcards

unit 5-Acids, bases & buffers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A

Proton donor.

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2
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A

Proton acceptor.

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3
Q

What is a Lewis base?

A

Accepts electron pair.

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4
Q

What is a Lewis acid?

A

Donates electron pair.

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5
Q

What is a monobasic acid?

A

When one mole of an acid donates one mole of H+ ion to a base.

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6
Q

What is a dibasic acid?

A

An acid that donates two H+ ions to a base.

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7
Q

What is a tribasic acid?

A

An acid that donates three H+ ions to a base.

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8
Q

What differs in the reaction when an acid donates more than one proton to a base? Why?

A

On the second substitution the reaction becomes reversible because the acid becomes weaker after losing a proton.

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9
Q

What are conjugate acid-base pairs?

A

A set of two species that can transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton.

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9
Q

How would you calculate [H+]?

A

[H+]= 10^-pH

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10
Q

How would you calculate pH?

A

-log10[H+]

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11
Q

For strong acids, what does [HA] equal?

A

[HA]=[H+]

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12
Q

What is Ka used for?

A

Weak acids that don’t fully dissociate.

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13
Q

What is the expression for Ka?

A

Ka= [H+][A-] / [HA]

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14
Q

What does it mean if an acid has a large Ka value?

A

There is a large extent of disassociation meaning that it is a strong acid.

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15
Q

How would you calculate pKa?

A

pKa= -log10Ka

16
Q

How would you calculate Ka from pKa?

A

Ka=10^-pKa

17
Q

In weak acids, what is [H+] equal to?

A

[H+]=[A-]

18
Q

For weak acids, what is the equation for Ka?

A

Ka= [H+]^2 / [HA]

19
Q

Why is water neutral?

A

[H+]=[OH-]

20
Q

What is the expression for Kw?

A

Kw=[H+][OH-]

21
Q

What are the units of Kw?

A

mol^2dm^-6

22
Q

What are the expressions of pOH?

A

pOH=-log10[OH-]

[OH]=10^-pOH

23
Q

What does a low pKa value mean about the strength of the acid?

A

Strong acid.

24
Q

What does a low pOH value mean about the strength of the base?

A

Strong base.

25
Q

What is a buffer solution?

A

Minimises change in pH on addition of small amounts of an acid or base.

chem (8 decks)

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