Unit 5 Flashcards
What year is the Age of Revolution (the neoclassical and romantic period) ?
1688-1832
What year the Neoclassical period ?
1688-1789
The belief that human reason rather than revolution or authority is the source of all knowledge and the only valid basis for search
Rationalism
A reverence for tradition as a source of authority of values in religion, morality, or art
Traditionalism
The philosophical view that all knowledge originates in sensory experience (John Locke’s philosophy that human beings know only what they see, hear, feel, taste, or smell and what they can conclude from reflecting on their sensory experience)
Empiricism
Corrective ridicule in literature or a work that is designed to correct an evil by means of ridicule. Not to be confused with verbal irony or sarcasm (Dryden’s “of satire’s” purpose is to upbraid and to warn)
Satire
A cultural attraction to the art and throughly of Ancient Greece and Rome. Beginning in 16th century Italy as a result of the study of classical literature
Neoclassicism
A reaction against the cultural climate and values of neoclassicism. It insisted on the greater importance of 1) individualism 2) imagination 3) nature and 4) the distant
Romanticism
The attempt in fiction to create an illusion of actuality by the use of seemingly random detail or by the inclusion of the ordinarily or unpleasant in life
Realism
A long, stylized narrative poem celebrating the deeds of a national or ethnic hero
Epic
A short, highly compressed poem making a wise o humorous observation and ending with a witty twist
Epigram
A standard type of category of literature
Genre
Drama that ends unhappily
Tragedy
Drama that ends happily
Comedy
A witty and often licentious satirical comedy popular during the reign of Charles ll
Comedy of Manners
Highly emotionalized and moralized comedy designed to arouse benevolent feelings
Sentimental comedy
Highly emotionalized and moralized tragedy designed to arouse benevolent feelings
Sentimental drama
An 18th century reaction against neoclassicism that anticipated romanticism. I’m subject matter writers favored the quality picturesque of the pitiful, aiming to answer humane feelings through scenes of contentment or pathos
Sentimentalism
Long, highly stylized lyric poem written in a complex stanza on a serious theme and often for a specific occasion
Ode
As pair of rhymed lines written in iambic pentameter
Heroic couplet
A poetic foot consisting of two syllables, the second of which is accented it repeats in a line of poetry 5 times
Iambic pentameter
An invented prose narrative. Whether it is allegorical or not may serve the purpose of truth and virtue
Fiction
The official poet of a nation or religion
Poet laureate
Poetry written to enhance or make memorable a particular occasion, normally, public and contemporary
Occasional verse
A story within a literal and an implied level of meaning the implied level of meaning may suggest actual persons, places, events, and situations or a set of ideas
Allegory
Artificially selected and refined language once considered essential to poetic expression
Poetic diction
The inclusion of minute, or even superfluous, details to create an allusion of actuality
Verisimilitude
A special form of satire that mocks its subject by incongruous imitation either of its style or content of by incongruous representations in term of high seriousness
Burlesque
A minor neoclassical poetic genre in which poetry, usually of high moral seriousness takes the form of an address to a friend
Verse epistle
A variation of ballad stanza preudlent among hymns (the first and third lines usually also rhyme)
Common meter
In poetic action; a roundabout, more elegant designation of something common
Periphrases
Consists of four iambic lines, of which the first and third and four stresses and the second and forth have three stresses and rhymes
Ballad stanza
A nine-line stanza popular among romantic poets rhyming ababbcbcc with eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a line of iambic hexameter
Spenserian stanza
Why was the Neoclassical period of England’s history was difficult for the common man ?
England was in transition from an agricultural to an Industrail society
How did England’s domination of the seas helped advance the industrial revolution ?
By crowding out the French, Dutch, and Spanish from valuable markets and sources of raw materials
Many beliefs of scripture, the Deists rejected what ?
The deity of Christ, Christ’s death, and bodily resurrection and miracles of scripture
What did the influence of Wesleyanism taught ?
Taught other worldly values and compassion for the downtrodden and brought an evangelical conscience to England. This dulled the ill effects of the industrial revolution
Why was Dryden called the “first of the moderns” ?
He foresaw a new age of reasonableness and scientific progress
Which satirical work from Dryden stunned London because of its political impact ?
“Absalom and Achitophel”
What is “of satire” purpose ?
To upbraid and to warn
How did Defoe use irony to show the absurdity of Troy punishments for nonconformity ?
Recommending using harsh punishments when he really believed in not using them
What was Defoe’s most lasting contribution to the novel ?
Journalistic realism
In Robinson Crusoe, what did Crusoe missed while he was on the island ?
Conversation
What did Crusoe do in order to compose his mind and keep his sanity while on the island ?
Resigned himself to the will of God
Defoe wrote was considered what ?
The first true novel in English
Like The Review, The Tattler became what ?
A periodical of commentary
The essays found in the Tattler and The Spectator are much like what ?
Our present-day editors
How did Addison and Steele point out what the superiority of reason over emotion in “White’s Chocolate House) ?
Exaggerating the young man’s preoccupation with the eh young lady
In Spectator 34, Steele lets the reader know that he has a great respect for what ?
Traditional religion and clergy
Swifts serious of pamphlets denouncing the exploration of Ireland by Parliament, suggested:
The reflection of new copper colnage for Ireland
The boycott of English goods
An ironic solution to overpopulation and starvation in Ireland
What is the purpose of “A Modest Proposal” ?
To get the parliaments attention concerning the means for relieving the ills for the Irish
What was the purpose of “Gulliver’s Travels” ?
To vex the world rather than to entertains
In “An Essay to Man” seeks to answer what question ?
Why does evil exist ?
“An Essay to Man” set readers on a what to modern secular humanism ?
Direct path
In “An Essay on Criticism” how does Pope illustrate the importance of his belief that “sound must seem to an echo to the sense ?
He writes a serous of lines that sound like the good and bad writing techniques but he is humorously espousing and deriding
George Whitfield was a Calvinist used by God as a what for the Great Awakening of 1735-50 ?
Catalyst
John Wesley’s work as an author was the outgrowth of what
Kings wood, Bristol, boarding school
Charles Wesley wrote the following hymns:
And can it be that I should gain Jesus, saver of my soul Soldiers of Christ, arise Behold the man The beautiful sight
In the journal entry for Feb 3, 1770, Wesley attributes Rousseau’s what ?
Shortcomings to his disdain for the Bible
Why is “Behold the Man” unique English hymnody ?
Of its dramatic-allegorical narrative quality
Know this statement by John Wesley
I look upon the world as my parish
Charles Wesley is credited with writing how many hymns ?
9,000
What did the Wesley’s and Whitefield sharply disagreed about ?
The Calvinistic doctrine of limited atonement
According to John Wesley’s journal, what did he have ?
A grasp of Greek and enjoyed Secular as well as sacred reading
During Johnson’s lifetime, what was he best known for ?
A dictionary of English language
What was Johnson’s method of collecting words that would be part of the dictionary ?
He read prominent English writers from Sir Philip Sidney until his time, then underlined the words to be included
Sent them to transcribes to be transcribed and filed
In Rambler 61, who was the least tolerable of the tenants who lived in the house ?
The author
What is the truth in Johnson’s statement “that a single house will show whatever is done or suffered in the world” ?
The insight and instruction can be gained from the observation of those around you since human characteristics are universal
According to Johnson, what did Dryden lack ?
Pope’s characteristic of diligence
What is Cowper’s prayer to God for restored fellowship ?
Walking with God
What is the name of the hymn that Cowper wrote ?
There is no fountain filled with blood
Cowper abandoned himself in what ?
His times of spiritual distress
Burns can be classified as what ?
A nationalist poet
What was Burns also known as ?
Heaven-taught plowman
What is the poetic device used in both “to a mouse” and “to a louse” ?
Apostrophe
In “To a Mouse”, why does the speaker say that the mouse is more fortunate than man ?
The mouse has to deal with the present only whereas man has to deal with the past, present, and the future
