unit 5

Question 1

law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions

Answer 1

clear and present danger test

Question 2

denies the gov the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property

Answer 2

due process of law

Question 3

a standard of equal treatment must be observed by the government

Answer 3

equal protection of the law

Question 4

first amendment ban on laws “respecting an establishment of religion”

Answer 4

establishment clause

Question 5

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

Answer 5

exclusionary rule

Question 6

right of the people to speak, publish, and assemble

Answer 6

freedom of expression

Question 7

people shall be free to exercise their religion and gov may not establish a religion

Answer 7

freedom of religion

Question 8

first amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion

Answer 8

free exercise clause

Question 9

an error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that the evident may be used in a trial

Answer 9

good-faith exception

Question 10

court cases that apply the bill of rights to the states

Answer 10

incorporation

Question 11

writing that falsely injures another person

Answer 11

libel

Question 12

reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest, more than mere suspicion

Answer 12

probable cause

Question 13

a judge’s order authorizing a search

Answer 13

search warrant

Question 14

an act that conveys a political message

Answer 14

symbolic speech

Question 15

court ruling that gov cannot be involved with religion

Answer 15

wall of separation

Question 16

programs designed to increase minority participation in some institutions by taking positive steps to appoint more minority-group members

Answer 16

affirmative action

Question 17

opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment

Answer 17

civil disobedience

Question 18

the rights of the people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences

Answer 18

civil rights

Question 19

racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law,, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement.

Answer 19

de facto segregation

Question 20

racial segregation that is required by law

Answer 20

de jure segregation

Question 21

giving people an equal chance to succeed

Answer 21

equality of opportunity

Question 22

making certain that people achieve the same result

Answer 22

equality of result

Question 23

a slang expression for the laws and practices that kept afircan americans in segregated or subordinated positions.

Answer 23

jim crow

Question 24

authority of state governments to secure the safety, comfort, health and morals of their citizens.

Answer 24

police powers

Question 25

using race or sex to give preferential treatment ot some people

Answer 25

reverse discrimination

Question 26

the doctrine established in plessy v ferguson that african americans could constitutionally be kept in separable but equal facilities.

Answer 26

separate but equal

Question 27

a supreme court test to see if a law denies equal protection because it does not serve a compelling state interest and is not narrowly tailored to achieve that goal.

Answer 27

strict scrutiny

Question 28

classifications of people on the basis of their race or ethnicity

Answer 28

suspect classifications