Unit 5, 6 & 7 - Ionic Bonding/ Covalent Bonding/ Types Of Substance

Question 1

What are bonds?

Answer 1

Forces of attraction that hold atoms together.

Question 2

What does more stable mean?

Answer 2

Less reactive

Question 3

What is a noble gas atom?

Answer 3

An atom with a full outer shell.

Question 4

What are ions?

Answer 4

Electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.

Question 5

What is a cation?

Answer 5

An ion that is formed from metals losing electrons and has a positive charge. (Losing electron)

Question 6

What is an anion?

Answer 6

An ion that is formed from non-metals and has a negative charge. (Gaining electron)

Question 7

What does the name change to when non-,metals form negative ions?

Answer 7

-ide

Question 8

What are electrostatic forces?

Answer 8

The forces of attraction between all positively and negatively charged objects.

Question 9

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 9

A bond between oppositely charged ions formed by the attraction between them.

Question 10

What is an ionic bond formed from?

Answer 10

Metals and non-metals?

Question 11

How is the group related to the number of electrons in the outer shell?

Answer 11

The group number is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell.

Question 12

What is a lattice structure?

Answer 12

The structure formed when billions of ions are closely packed together in a regular pattern.

Question 13

What do ionic compounds form and why?

Answer 13

Crystals when solid because of their regular lattice structure.

Question 14

Give 3 properties of crystals.

Answer 14

Particular regular shape
Flat surface
Sharp edges

Question 15

Do ionic compounds have electrical charge?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 16

A group of two or more atoms that have become charged.

Question 17

What do all ionic compound contain?

Answer 17

Charged particles called ions

Question 18

What are the ionic bonds?

Answer 18

The electrostatic force that holds the opposite charged ions

Question 19

What do ionic compounds not contain?

Answer 19

Atoms or molecules

Question 20

Are the electrostatic forces strong or weak?

Answer 20

Strong

Question 21

What causes the substance to melt?

Answer 21

A lot of energy which separates the ions

Question 22

If the forces holding ionic compounds is strong then…

Answer 22

They have high melting and boiling points.

Question 23

Why would more energy be needed to separate ions?

Answer 23

If the charge is more than one

Question 24

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water?

Answer 25

Because the charged particles are free to move

Question 26

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 26

When ionic compounds are dissolved in water to form the solution.

Question 27

What are the anions attracted to?

Answer 27

The positive electrode called anode

Question 28

What are the cations attracted to?

Answer 28

The negative electrodes called cathode

Question 29

What enables ionic compounds to conduct electricity?

Answer 29

The ions being able to move, not the electrons

Question 30

What bonds are in molecular substances?

Answer 30

String covalent bonds

Question 31

What does the molecular formula show?

Answer 31

The number of atoms of each element bonded together in a simple molecule

Question 32

What are covalent bonds formed between?

Answer 32

Non-metals

Question 33

What happens in a covalent bond?

Answer 33

The atoms share electrons to make their outer shells full

Question 34

What is a double covalent bond?

Answer 34

When more than one electron is shared

Question 35

What is the valency of an element?

Answer 35

The number of covalent bonds formed to make full outer shells

Question 36

What influences the properties of a compound?

Answer 36

The atoms and the type of bonding

Question 37

What are the forces between the molecules called?

Answer 37

Intermolecular forces that are weak

Question 38

Why does water have low boiling and melting points?

Answer 38

Because it doesn't take much energy to over come the force.

Question 39

What is an electric current

Answer 39

A flow of charged particles

Question 40

Why can the electrons not flow in simple molecules?

Answer 40

The force between the electrons and the protons holds them in place

Question 41

What are monomers?

Answer 41

Small, simple molecules

Question 42

What is a polymer?

Answer 42

Monomers that are joined together in a chain.

Question 43

Why do longer polymers have higher melting and boiling points?

Answer 43

They have more intermolecular forces and the long chain tends to get tangled up.

Question 44

What are compounds and elements both examples of?

Answer 44

Molecules

Question 45

What is an allotrope?

Answer 45

Different forms of the same element

Question 46

How is fullerene formed?

Answer 46

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms

Question 47

What shape is fullerene?

Answer 47

Either spherical or tubular

Question 48

Why is fullerene soft and slippery?

Answer 48

Because the intermolecular forces are weak

Question 49

What is the formation of graphene?

Answer 49

A sheet of carbon atoms which are bonded to three other carbon atoms and can be rolled up.

Question 50

Why is graphene the lightest material?

Answer 50

It is only one atom thick

Question 51

Why is graphene a good electrical conductor?

Answer 51

It allows free electrons to move across the surface.

Question 52

Give two example of giant structures of carbon

Answer 52

Diamond and graphite

Question 53

What is different about giant structures?

Answer 53

They have huge three-dimensional networks of carbon.

Question 54

Why does graphite and diamond have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 54

Many strong covalent bonds need to be broken

Question 55

Why is there delocalised electrons in graphite

Answer 55

Because it has a layered structure so not all electrons are held in covalent bonds

Question 56

Is graphite an electrical conductor?

Answer 56

Yes

Question 57

Why is diamond no an electrical conductor?

Answer 57

All of the electrons are used in the covalent bonding

Question 58

Why is graphite a good lubricant and soft

Answer 58

The forces between the layers are weak so the layers can slide.

Question 59

Why is diamond an electrical insulator?

Answer 59

There are no free electrons to carry charge

Question 60

Why is diamond very hard and rigid?

Answer 60

The structure arrangement is very rigid and the covalent bonds between each atom is very strong.

Question 61

Give two general properties of metals

Answer 61

Any of: high melting points, shiny when polished, malleable, high density, good conductors of electricity

Question 62

Give two properties of non metals

Answer 62

Any of: low melting points, not usually shiny, brittle, low density, poor conductors of electricity

Question 63

How are atoms arranged in metallic bonding?

Answer 63

Same size, closely packed and in layers

Question 64

In metallic bonding, why is there a 'sea' of electrons?

Answer 64

The outer shell electrons are lost from the atoms and are free to move anywhere throughout the metal

Question 65

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 65

The electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and the negative delocalised electrons.

Question 66

Is the attraction in metallic bonding strong or weak?

Answer 66

Strong

Question 67

What does malleable mean?

Answer 67

They can be hammered into shape without shattering.

Question 68

Why are metals malleable?

Answer 68

The layers of ions slide over each other and the sea of electrons holds the ions together so it doesn't break

Question 69

How do metals conduct electricity?

Answer 69

When a voltage is applied to either end of a metal, the electrons flow to one end causing an electrical current

Question 70

What makes the electrical conductivity increase?

Answer 70

When the amount of delocalised electrons increase.

Question 71

Are all electrons involved in the sea of electrons?

Answer 71

No, only from the outer shell

Question 72

Give a weakness of dot cross diagram

Answer 72

It suggests that the electrons are different (dots and crosses)

Question 73

Give a weakness of metallic model

Answer 73

Doesn't show the ions will always be vibrating

Question 74

Give weakness of 3D ball and stick model

Answer 74

It's not sticks holding the atoms together

Question 75

Give strength of dot cross diagram

Answer 75

Shows how electrons are shared

Question 76

Give strength of metallic model

Answer 76

Shows how metal ions are held in a lattice structure

Question 77

Give strength of 3D ball and stick model

Answer 77

Shows shape of structure