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PNS > Unit 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Unit 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle test for L4

A

Tibialis Anterior (Dorsi-flexed, inversion)

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2
Q

Reflex test for L4

A

Patellar tendon (Quads)

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3
Q

Sensory test for L4

A

Medial foot

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4
Q

Muscle test for L5

A

Ext. Hallicus Longus (Dorsi-flexion of big toe)

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5
Q

Reflex test for L5

A

Medial Hamstring (Hard to elicit)

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6
Q

Sensory test for L5

A

Dorsal foot

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7
Q

Muscle test for S1

A

Fibularis longus and brevis (Dorsi-flexion and eversion)

Gastroc/soleus (toe walking)

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8
Q

Reflex test for S1

A

Achilles tendon

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9
Q

Sensory test for S1

A

Lateral foot

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10
Q

Segments of the lumbar plexus

A

L1-4

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11
Q

What two nerves from the lumbar plexus only come from L1?

A

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

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12
Q

Anterior division nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Obturator

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13
Q

Posterior division nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous
Nerve to psoas and iliacus
Femoral

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14
Q

Segments of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1, 2

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15
Q

Segments of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

L2, 3

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16
Q

Segments of the nerves to psoas and iliacus?

A

L2-4

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17
Q

Segments of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-4

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18
Q

Segments of the obturator nerve?

A

L2-4

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19
Q

Muscles innervated by the iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

A

Transversus abdominus

Internal oblique

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20
Q

Cutaneous innervations of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

Upper and medial part of the thigh
Skin over root of penis, upper part of scrotum (male)
Skin over mons pubis, labia majora (female)

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21
Q

Cutaneous innervations of the iliohypogastric nerve

A

Lateral gluteal region
Above the pubis
Hypogastric area (above the inguinal ligament)

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22
Q

List the three nerves in order of most likely to be entrapped in the inguinal ring area to least likely

A
  1. Ilioinguinal
  2. Genitofemoral
  3. Iliohypogastric
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23
Q

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supplies what muscle? (In males)

A

Cremaster

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24
Q

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supplies what cutaneous areas?

A 
Anterior scrotum (male)
Skin of mons pubis and labia majora (females - same as ilioinguinal)
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25
Q

The femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve supplies what cutaneous area?

A

Upper anterior thigh

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26
Q

Clinical significance of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Meralgia Paresthetica (tingling, burning, pain in lateral thigh)

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27
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Lateral: medial border of sartorius m
Medial: medial border of adductor longus m
Upper: inguinal ligament

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28
Q

Innervation of quadratus lumborum muscle

A

Ventral primary rami of T12-L4

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29
Q

Cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve

A

Anterior femoral cutaneous

Saphenous nerve

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30
Q

The saphenous nerve distribution resembles what segmental dermatome?

A

L4

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31
Q

___ may present as “foot drop”, while ____ does not

A

L4 radiculopathy, femoral neuropathy

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32
Q

The obturator nerve exits the pelvic cavity via the obturator foramen and must pierce what muscle as it descends to innervate the medial thigh?

A

Obturator externus

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33
Q

What is a cause of exercise-related groin pain?

A

Obturator neuropathy

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34
Q

Spinal segments of tibial nerve

A

L4-S3

35
Q

Spinal segments of the common fibular nerve

A

L4-S2

36
Q

The common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve will innervate what muscle?

A

Biceps femoris (short head)

37
Q

Biceps femoris-long head is innervated by what nerve?

A

Sciatic (tibial portion)

38
Q

The superficial fibular nerve will innervate what two muscles?

A

Fibularis longus, brevis

39
Q

Spinal segments of the nerves to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

A

L4-5

40
Q

Spinal segments of the nerves to obturator internus and superior gemellus

A

L5-S2

41
Q

Spinal segments of the pudendal nerve

A

S2-4

42
Q

Nerves arising from the posterior division of sacral plexus (3)

A

Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Nerve to the piriformis

43
Q

The most common entrapment of the sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis syndrome

44
Q

What can be found in the tarsal tunnel?

A
  1. Posterior tibial nerve
  2. Artery and Vein
  3. Tendons of:
    Tibialis posterior
    Flexor digitorum longus
    Flexor hallucis longus
    (Tom, Dick and Harry)
45
Q

Cutaneous branch formed by the tibial and common fibular nerves? Covering posterolateral leg and lateral foot

A

Sural nerve

46
Q

Terminal branches of the tibial nerve

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

47
Q

Muscular branches of the medial plantar nerve (4)

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
First lumbrical

48
Q

Muscular branches of lateral plantar nerve (7)

A
  1. Lateral three lumbricals
  2. Quadratus plantae
  3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  4. Abductor digiti minimi
  5. Adductor hallucis
  6. Plantar interossei (PADs)
  7. Dorsal interossei (DABs)
49
Q

When thinking of the medial and lateral plantar nerves, think of _____ nerves in the hand

A

Median (medial plantar)

Ulnar (lateral plantar)

50
Q

Deep fibular nerve entrapment would present as:

A

Paresthesia in the dorsal web between 1st and 2nd toes, and foot drop.

51
Q

The medial sural cutaneous nerve is a branch from _____, while the lateral sural cutaneous nerve is a branch from ____

A

Tibial nerve, common fibular

52
Q

The superficial fibular nerve’s cutaneous distribution is comparable to what dermatome?

A

L5 (dorsal foot)

53
Q

The deep fibular nerve has a very unique cutaneous distribution. Describe it

A

The dorsal web between 1st and 2nd toes

54
Q

Entrapment of the superficial fibular nerve would cause:

A

Loss of fibularis longus and brevis muscles

55
Q

The cutaneous branches of the superficial fibular nerve are: (2)

A

Medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

56
Q

Spinal segments of the deep fibular nerve

A

L4-S2 (same as common fibular)

57
Q

Cutaneous nerves over gluteal region (buttocks)

A

Superior cluneal (main)
Medial cluneal
Inferior cluneal

58
Q

The superior cluneal nerve is the D1R of what spinal segments?

A

L1-3

59
Q

The only nerve below the knee NOT derived from the sciatic nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

60
Q

What are the four attributes of stimulus?

A
  1. Quality or Modality
  2. Intensity
  3. Duration
  4. Location
61
Q

The 3 broad types of sensory receptors:

A
  1. Exteroceptors
  2. Proprioceptors
  3. Interoceptors
62
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, merkel cells, and ruffini endings are all examples of ____receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

63
Q

What functional axon(s) would Meissner’s and Pacinian corpuscles be associated with?

A

GSA

Pacinian can also be GVA

64
Q

Meissner’s and Pacinian corpuscles are ____ adapting receptors

A

Rapidly

65
Q

Merkel cells and Ruffini endings are _____ adapting receptors

A

Slowly

66
Q

Cold thermoreceptors respond to temps between ___ and ___ C, and greater than ___ C (paradoxical cold)

A

5 and 35 degrees,

45 degrees

67
Q

Warm thermoreceptors respond to temps between ___ and ___ C

A

30 and 45 degrees

68
Q

Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors are examples of ____ (Exter, proprio, inter)

A

Interoceptors

69
Q

The two major types of nociceptors

A
  • High threshold mechanical nociceptors

- High threshold polymodal nociceptors

70
Q

All nociceptors are _____ of A-Beta and C fibers

A

Free nerve endings

71
Q

Are nociceptors rapidly adapting or slowly adapting?

A

Slowly adapting

72
Q

The most effective stimulus of this type of nociceptor is sharp objects, and is associated with free nerve endings of A-delta axons

A

High threshold mechanical nociceptors

73
Q

This type of nociceptor is activated by all types of tissue damaging stimulus, and is associated with free nerve endings of C-fiber axons

A

High threshold polymodal nociceptors

74
Q

The two types of special sensory chemoreceptors are:

A

Taste buds

Olfactory receptors in the superior nasal concha mucosa

75
Q

Taste buds and olfactory receptors (special sensory type) are associated with what functional axon(s)?

A

SVA

76
Q

Muscle spindles and GTOs are proprioceptors associated with what functional axons?

A

GSA

77
Q

Muscle spindles and GTOs are _____ proprioceptors, whereas joint receptors are _____ proprioceptors

A

Unconscious, conscious

78
Q

Muscle spindles are myelinated fibers classified as what two numerical nomenclatures?

A

1a

II

79
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs) are myelinated fibers associated with what numerical nomenclature?

A

1b

80
Q

Name the two conscious sensory tracts

A
  1. Dorsal white column/medial lemniscal pathway

2. Spinothalamic tract

81
Q

Pain, temperature, and light touch would use what conscious sensory tract?

A

The spinothalamic tract

82
Q

Two-point discriminating touch/conscious proprioception would use what conscious sensory tract?

A

Dorsal white column/medial lemniscal pathway

83
Q

Samatotopism in the dorsal white columns is what?

A

The order in which the afferent fibers line themselves up to ascend in the column. C1-T6 laterally in the fasciculus cuneatus, and T6-S5 medially in the fasciculus gracilis

84
Q

List order of afferent fibers as they receive stimuli and make their way to cortex (touch/proprioception)

A

Primary enters dorsal column, could go up or down a few segments, and ascends to medulla. Synapses and crosses the midline as the medial lemniscus and ascends to thalamus. Synapses in the internal capsule and ascends to cortex

PNS (3 decks)

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