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Microscopic Anatomy > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

(parenchyma/stroma): Cells Responsible for Main Organ

Function

A

parenchyma

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2
Q

(parenchyma/stroma): Supporting Elements or Matrix of the Organ

A

stroma

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3
Q

(connective/epithelial) tissue cells are abundant in the ECM

A

connective

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4
Q

eosin is (an acidic/a basic) dye that stains cytoplasm, basement membrane, collagen fibers

A

an acidic dye

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5
Q

objects stained by eosin are said to be (basophilic/acidophilic)

A

acidophilic

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6
Q

eosin stains (blue/pink)

A

pink

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7
Q

hematoxylin is (an acidic/a basic) dye; stains heterochromatin, nucleolus, rough ER, sulfated GAGs

A

basic dye, objects stained are said to be basophilic

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8
Q

epithelia are derived from which germ layers of the embryo

A

all three

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9
Q

simple ____ cells cover the ovary and thyroid

A

simple cuboidal

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10
Q

simple ____ cells line the vessels, pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium

A

simple squamous

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11
Q

simple ___ cells line the intestine and gall bladder

A

simple columnar

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12
Q

pseudostratified cells line the ____, _____, ____ ____

A

trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

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13
Q

transitional cells are found mainly in the:

A

bladder and ureters

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14
Q

stratified _____ cells are found in the conjunctiva

A

columnar

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15
Q

stratified surface layer squamous nonkeratinized cells are (dry/moist) and found in the (epidermis/mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal)

A

moist

mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

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16
Q

stratified ___ cells are found in sweat glands and developing ovarian follicles

A

cuboidal

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17
Q

______ membranes: respiratory epithelium, glomerular

A

basement

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18
Q

(cilia/microvilli): Fingerlike extensions of the apical surface
that increase surface area

A

microvilli

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19
Q

microvilli in instestinal epithelial cells called the ____ border and sometimes called the ____ border

A

striated border, brush border

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20
Q

____ border: microvilli in the proximal renal tubule

A

brush border

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21
Q

microvilli found in the male reproductive tract

A

stereocilia

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22
Q

(hypertrophy/hyperplasia): increase in number

A

hyperplasia

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23
Q

(dysplasia/metaplasia): change in organization

A

dysplasia

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24
Q

five layers of the epidermis

A

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

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25
Q

cellular origin of melanocytes

A

neural crest cells

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26
Q

____: not part of skin, binds skin to underlying tissues

A

hypodermis

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27
Q

(dermis/epidermis): a layer of connective tissue that includes dermal papillae

A

dermis

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28
Q

stratum (basale/spinosum): a single cell layer of stem cells

A

basale

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29
Q

stratum (granulosum/spinosum): mitotically active prickle cell layer

A

spinosum

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30
Q

clear layer seen only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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31
Q

stratum (granulosum/corneum): non proliferating cells with stained granules

A

granulosum

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32
Q

keratinized cell “ghosts” in skin layer

A

stratum corneum

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33
Q

Langerhans cells can be selectively stained with:

A

gold chloride

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34
Q

SALT stands for

A

skin associated lymphoid tissue

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35
Q

epithelial tactile cells, sensitive mechanoreceptor

A

merkel cells

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36
Q

(resident/immigrant) connective tissue cells: mesenchymal, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, reticular cells, adipocytes

A

resident

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37
Q

(resident/immigrant) connective tissue cells: macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, leukocytes

A

immigrant

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38
Q

(fibroblast/fibrocyte): mitotically active, oval nucleus, euchromatic, well developed RER

A

fibroblast

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39
Q

(fibroblast/fibrocyte): spindle shaped, heterochromatic nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm

A

fibrocyte

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40
Q

(fibroblast/reticular cell): Stellate‐shaped cells with oval euchromatic nucleus that has a prominent nucleolus

A

reticular cell

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41
Q

specialized for lipid storage, signet ring cells

A

white adipose cells or adipocytes

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42
Q

dye used for macrophages

A

trypan blue

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43
Q

macrophage nucleus is (oval/kidney) shaped

A

kidney

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44
Q

main function of Langerhans cell

A

antigen presentation

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45
Q

largest connective tissue cell, cytoplasm filled with membrane bound basophilic granules that contain histamine

A

mast cell (involved in allergic reactions)

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46
Q

connective tissue cell: large oval nucleus, clock face nucleus, primary producers of immunoglobulins

A

plasma cell

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47
Q

• The viscous viscous mixture mixture that binds cells to
connective tissue fibers.
• Consists of GAGs, proteoglycans, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins (e.g. laminin and
fibronectin).

A

ground substance

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48
Q

most widespread collagen (I/II/III)

A

I

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49
Q

collagen in cartilage (I/II/III)

A

II

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50
Q

collagen in reticular fibers (I/II/III)

A

III

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51
Q

collagen that resists tension (I/II/III)

A

I

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52
Q

collagen that resists pressure (I/II/III)

A

II

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53
Q

collagen that forms a flexible meshwork (I/II/III)

A

III

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54
Q

collagen that anchors BM to collagen fibers (XII/ IV/ VII)

A

VII

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55
Q

Lamina densa has

mesh of type (XII/IV/VII) collagen

A

IV

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56
Q

(osteogenesis imperfecta/scurvy): impaired wound healing

A

scurvy

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57
Q

(ehlers-danos type IV/osteogenesis imperfecta): aortic rupture, fractures

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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58
Q

(ehlers-danos type IV/osteogenesis imperfecta): aortic rupture, intestinal ruptures (type III collagen faulty)

A

ehlers-danos

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59
Q

stain reticular fibers with:

A

silver

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60
Q

Marfan’s syndrome patients have mutant (elastin/fibrillin)

A

fibrillin

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61
Q

color of collagen in H&E stain

A

pink

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62
Q

color of elastic in H&E stain

A

pink

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63
Q

how to distinguish elastic from collagen

A

stain elastic with Resorcin-fuchsin or Picro-orecin stain

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64
Q

(loose areolar/loose regular) CT: lots of resident cells, positioned between tissues and allows movement

A

loose areolar-found in lamina propria, mesentery, papillary layer of dermis

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65
Q

(dense irregular/dense regular) CT: interwoven fibers, found in organ capsules, reticular layer of the dermis, and periosteum

A

dense irregular CT

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66
Q

(dense irregular/dense regular) CT: more fibers than cells, parallel bundles or sheets or fibers, found in tendons, ligaments, cornea

A

dense regular

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67
Q

uniocular fat is (brown/yellow)

A

yellow

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68
Q

multiocular fat is (brown/yellow)

A

brown

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69
Q

(collagen/proteoglycan aggregate) in cartilage maintains tissue shape and produces tensile strength

A

collagen

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70
Q

(collagen/proteoglycan aggregate) in cartilage provides resilience

A

proteoglycan aggregate

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71
Q

proteoglycan aggregate starts with ___ ____ and then you add ____________

A

core proteins

add glycosaminoglycans

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72
Q

core of proteoglycan aggregate (long)

A

hyaluronic acid core

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73
Q

protein secreting cell, rich in RER, round diffuse nucleus, prominent nucleolus, synthesizes collagens

A

chondrocyte

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74
Q

hyaline cartilage composed of type (I/II/III) collagen and a few (fibrocytes/fibroblasts)

A

type II

fibroblasts

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75
Q

(appositional/interstitial) growth: increase in mass by addition of material to the surface

A

appositional

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76
Q

(appositional/interstitial) growth: increase in mass by addition of material from within

A

interstitial

77
Q

three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibro

78
Q

spaces within the matrix in hyaline cartilage

A

lacunae

79
Q

where chondrocytes live in hyaline cartilage

A

within lacunae

80
Q

matrix of hyaline cartilage is (acidophilic/basophilic)

A

basophilic

81
Q

(hyaline/elastic) cartilage found in: external ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube, larynx

A

elastic-flexible support needed

82
Q

(elastic/fibro) cartilage found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphasis, menisci, some tendons

A

fibrocartilage

83
Q

cartilage end plate of intervertebral disc is composed of (fibro/hyaline) cartilage

A

hyaline

84
Q

annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc is composed of (hyaline/fibro) cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

85
Q

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc is derived from the _____

A

notocord

86
Q

in fibrocartilage, type (I/II/III) collagen predominates, ground substance is (decreased/increased), collagen in (increased/decreased)

A

type I collagen
ground substance reduced
collagen increased

87
Q

ECM of fibrocartilage tends to be (basophilic/acidophilic)

A

acidophilic/eosinophilic

88
Q

type of cartilage most susceptible to calcification of the matrix

A

hyaline

89
Q

(chondroma/chondrosarcoma): benign cartilage tumors

A

chondroma

90
Q

(chondroma/chondrosarcoma): slow growing malignant tumors

A

chondrosarcoma

91
Q

(Diaphysis/Epiphysis): bulbous ends of long bone

A

epiphysis

92
Q

(Diaphysis/Epiphysis): cylindrical part of long bone, thick outer layer of compact bone with thin marrow cavity containing spongy bone

A

diaphysis

93
Q

(fibrocartilage/dense regular connective tissue) has irregular fiber distribution

A

fibrocartilage

94
Q

(fibrocartilage/dense regular connective tissue) has more cells per unit area

A

dense regular CT

95
Q

(fibrocartilage/dense regular connective tissue) has rounder chondrocytes

A

fibrocartilage

96
Q

The ecm of bone of bone
exists in well defined layers
called

A

lamellae

97
Q

Within each lamella the
collagen fibers are oriented
(parallel/perpendicular) to each other

A

parallel

98
Q

An osteocyte
exists within
each of the
(lamellae/lacunae).

A

lacunae

99
Q

______ are the small channels that radiate in all directions through the ECM from each lacuna

A

canaliculi

100
Q

The processes of adjacent
osteocytes are in contact with
one another by means of one another by means of ____ ___

A

gap junctions (so adjacent osteocytes can exchange ions and small molecules)

101
Q

(Haversian canals/Volkmans canals) run parallel to long axis of bone and contain small blood vessels, loose CT, nerves

A

Haversian

102
Q

(Haversian canals/Volkmans canals) run at oblique angles to long axis of bone

A

Volkmans–they connect the Haversian canals to each other and to the free surface

103
Q

main structural units of compact bone

A

Haversian systems

104
Q

the three types of lamellar oganization:

A

1-Haversian systems

  1. inner and outer circumferential lamellae
  2. interstitial lamellae
105
Q

(organic/inorganic) EC matrix of bone contains type I collagen, ground substance, responsible for toughness and resilience

A

organic

106
Q

(organic/inorganic) ECM of bone contains calcium phosphate, responsible for hardness

A

inorganic

107
Q

osteoprogenitor cells: present in (development/adults)

A

adults

108
Q

osteoprogenitor cells:(not actively/actively) making bone

A

not actively making bone

109
Q

osteoprogenitor cells: (more/less) basophilic cytoplasm

A

less

110
Q

_____ _____ are persisting fragments of previous Haversian systems

A

interstitial lamellae

111
Q

podosomes

A

attach osteoclasts to bone, form a tight seal

112
Q

osteoclasts are (small and mononucleated/large and multinucleated)

A

large and multinucleated

113
Q

(osteogenesis imperfecta/osteopetrosis): dense, heavy bones caused by defective osteoclasts

A

osteopetrosis

114
Q

abnormal calcification of bone matrix leads to softening of bones, due to insufficient dietary calcium or failure to produce vitamin D in children

A

Rickets

115
Q

smooth muscle cells are (multinucleated/mononucleated)

A

single spindle shaped euchromatic nucleus

116
Q 
the (muscle cells/collagen cells)
stain bright pink,
while the cytoplasm of
the (collagen cells/muscle cells) stains
pink with a blue cast
A

collagen-pink

cytoplasm of muscle cells-blue cast

117
Q

(Epimysium/Perimysium): (dense regular c.t.)

surrounds entire muscle

A

Epimysium

118
Q

(Epimysium/Perimysium): (loose c.t.)

divides muscle into fascicles

A

perimysium

119
Q

(Perimysium/Endomysium): (reticular fibers)

surrounds individual muscle fibers

A

endomysium

120
Q

the regularity of sarcomere structure is maintained by a large protein called ____

A

titin

121
Q

granules of ANF in cardiac muscle cell released in response to ___ ____, control water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure

A

wall stretch

122
Q

two most vulnerable parts of the heart’s conducting system

A

AV bundle and bundle branch

123
Q

in atherosclerosis, which type of muscle builds up in the tunica intima of blood vessels

A

smooth muscle

124
Q

(epineurium/perineurium): outermost layer of connective tissue of nerve, binds fascicles together into nerves

A

epineurium

125
Q

(epineurium/perineurium): prominent layer of modified fibroblasts (epithelioid myofibroblasts) and collagen fibers, groups nerve fibers into bundles or fascicles

A

perineurium

126
Q

(perineurium/endoneurium): acts as a selective blood-nerve barrier

A

perineurium

127
Q

(perineurium/endoneurium): delicate layer of reticular fibers produced by Schwann cells

A

endoneurium

128
Q

(sensory/autonomic) ganglia: contain cell bodies of multipolar neurons, synapses within ganglion, unmyelinated fibers, acentric nucleus

A

autonomic

129
Q

(sensory/autonomic) ganglia: cell bodies of psudeounipolar neurons, no synapses within ganglion, myelinated fibers, central nucleus and regular ring of satellite cells

A

sensory

130
Q

(Meissner’s/Pacinian) corpuscles: dermal papillae of hairless skin, small, low frequency stimuli

A

meissner’s

131
Q

(Meissner’s/Pacinian) corpuscles: hypodermis of skin, larger, pressure and vibration

A

Pacinian

132
Q

higher pressure circuit: (pulmonary/systemic)

A

systemic

133
Q

lymph moves in one direction (with/without) a pump

A

without a pump

134
Q

tunica (intima/media): endothelium, basement
membrane, subendothelial layer of loose CT,
and an internal elastic lamina (in arteries)

A

intima

135
Q

tunica (adventitia/media): smooth muscle, variable
amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae, reticular
fibers, proteoglycans, and external elastic lamina

A

media

136
Q

tunica (adventitia/media): fibroblasts, longitudinal

collagen and elastic fibers, vasa vasorum (+/-)

A

adventitia

137
Q

the arteriole tunica adventitia is made of ___ __

A

loose CT

138
Q

the tunica adventitia of elastic arteries and muscular arteries is (thin/thick)

A

thin

139
Q

(muscular arteries/arterioles) have 1-5 smooth muscle layers

A

arterioles

140
Q

(elastic arteries/muscular arteries) have 6-39 smooth muscle layers and +/- external elastic lamina

A

muscular arteries

141
Q

elastic or conducting arteries: (aorta and its main branches/terminal abdominal aorta and external carotids)

A

aorta and its main branches

142
Q

mixed or musculo-elastic arteries: (aorta and its main branches/terminal abdominal aorta and external carotids)

A

terminal abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, external carotids

143
Q

(elastic/mixed or musculo-elastic) arteries: more obvious internal elastic lamina

A

mixed or musculo-elastic

144
Q

(muscular arteries/arterioles): intima has decreasing or absent internal elastic lamina

A

arterioles

145
Q

(muscular arteries/arterioles): adventitia scant

A

arterioles

146
Q

largest arteries continue growing until age __

A

25

147
Q

most common of the three types of capillaries

A

continuous capillaries

148
Q

(continuous/fenestrated) capillaries: found in the endocrine pancreas, intestines, and endocrine glands, specialized for rapid exchange

A

fenestrated

149
Q

irregular blood channels in endocrine glands, liver, bone marrow, spleen

A

sinusoids

150
Q

(small/large) pores in capillaries are in the occluding junctions

A

small

151
Q

(small/large) pores in capillaries correspond to transcytosis by vesicles

A

large

152
Q

(pericytic/muscular) venules: resemble large capillaries

A

pericytic

153
Q

(pericytic/muscular) venules: 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle and a thin adventitia

A

muscular

154
Q

____ systems carry blood from one capillary bed to another

A

portal

155
Q

arteriovenous anastomoses

A

cross connect arterioles and venules

156
Q

lymphatic vessels: larger vessels similar to (arteries/veins), capillaries have discontinous BL and AFs

A

veins

157
Q

lymph vessels: (small/large) lumens, (thick/thin) walls, (irregular/regular) shapes

A

large lumens
thin walls
irregular shapes
branch parallel to capillaries and veins

158
Q

fat laden macrophages seen in atherosclerosis that indicate plaque build up

A

foam cells

159
Q

as the arterial vessels become smaller, the external elastic lamina:

A

goes away

160
Q

the tunica (intima/media) forms a permeable or semipermeable layer

A

intima

161
Q

the tunica (intima/media) controls diameter and blood pressure and movement

A

media

162
Q

the tunica (media/adventitia) provides physical support, attaches vessel to tissue, and carries vessels and nerves

A

adventitia

163
Q

the endocardium of the heart is homologous to the tunica (media/intima)

A

intima

164
Q

the myocaridum of the heart is homologous to the tunica (media/adventitia)

A

media

165
Q

the epicardium of the heart is homologous to the tunica (intima/adventitia)

A

adventitia

166
Q

pericytes share the basal lamina with which type of cells

A

endothelial cells

167
Q

most common type of capillary (fenestrated/continuous)

A

continuous

168
Q

longest capillaries are in:

A

skeletal muscles

169
Q

(fenestrated/continuous) capillaries: complete endothelium, complete basal lamina, occluding (tight) junctions, lots of vesicles

A

continuous

170
Q

(goblet cells/enterocytes): absorptive cells

A

enterocytes

171
Q

type of epithelium in ileum

A

simple columnar

172
Q

type of epithelium in esophagus

A

stratified squamous

173
Q

where would you find stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

sole of foot, thick skin

174
Q

where would you find pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

A

trachea

175
Q

where would you find transitional epithelium

A

bladder

176
Q

what special type of cells are on the outside of the bladder epithelium

A

dome cells

177
Q

more superficial layer of skin: dermal papillae or reticular layer?

A

dermal papillae

178
Q

dermal papillae project into:

A

the epidermal pegs

179
Q

goblet cells produce

A

mucins (for lubricating the intestine, trachea)

180
Q

what type of granules does the stratum granulosum contain

A

keratohyalin

181
Q

what type of cell connections are found in the stratum spinosum

A

desmosomes

182
Q

what color do macrophages stain

A

blue (trypan blue)

183
Q

fibroblasts have (round/elongate) (pink/purple) nuclei

A

elongate purple

184
Q

what color are eosinophils

A

copper/pink-red

185
Q

the papillary layer of skin is made of (loose connective/dense irregular) tissue

A

loose connective

186
Q

the reticular layer of skin is made of (loose connective/dense irregular) tissue

A

dense irregular

187
Q

the tendon is an excellent example of dense (regular/irregular) connective tissue

A

regular

188
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic capillary

Microscopic Anatomy (2 decks)

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