Unit 5

Question 1

Define minerals.

Answer 1

Can be an element or compound and make up rocks.

Question 2

Define Rocks

Answer 2

Are naturally occurring and made up of minerals

Question 3

What is Moh’s Hardness Scale?

Answer 3

It judges the hardness of a mineral. Diamond is hardest at 10 and talc is the softest at 1.

Question 4

Name 5 ways to identify minerals?

Answer 4

Hardness, colour, luster, streak, cleavage, and fracture

Question 5

Name 3 rock families

Answer 5

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock

Question 6

How is igneous rock formed?

Answer 6

Formed from cooled lava and magna. Example: Obisidian.

Question 7

How is sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 7

Formed from loose sediments compressed together. Example: Shale

Question 8

How is metamorphic rock formed?

Answer 8

Formed from high pressure and heat. Example: Marble

Question 9

How does soil form?

Answer 9

Minerals and organic matter combine and make soil.

Question 10

Define soil profile?

Answer 10

A description of the characteristics of the different layers that make up soil.

Question 11

Define top soil

Answer 11

The top most layer of soil.

Question 12

Define leaching?

Answer 12

The process by which the materials from soil are dissolved.

Question 13

Define chemical weathering

Answer 13

Chemical weathering breaks down minerals through chemical reactions.

Question 14

Define biological weathering

Answer 14

The physical or chemical breakdowns of minerals caused by living organisms.

Question 15

Define abrasion

Answer 15

The wearing down of rocks by wind, ice, waves, and running water.

Question 16

What an erratic?

Answer 16

When glaciers retreat they leave behind large rocks called erratics.

Question 17

Name the layers of the earth’s crust from the surface of the earth to the inner core.

Answer 17

Crust, outer mantle, inner mantle, outer core, inner core.

Question 18

What is continental drift?

Answer 18

Over thousands maybe millions of years the continents have gradually moved to their present day positions.

Question 19

What three types of evidence did Alfred Wagner use to back up his theory of continental drifts?

Answer 19

Rocks/mountains/fossils

Question 20

What are tectonic plates?

Answer 20

Small pieces of the crust

Question 21

What are converging plates?

Answer 21

Plates that are colliding.

Question 22

What are divergent plates?

Answer 22

Plates that are diverting.

Question 23

What is the subduction zone?

Answer 23

A place on the earth’s crust where high pressure pushes one very large rock below the other.

Question 24

How do we measure earthquakes?

Answer 24

With seismographs.

Question 25

What are three types of seismic waves?

Answer 25

Surface waves, P waves, S waves

Question 26

Define focus

Answer 26

The place deep in the crust where the earthquake begins

Question 27

What is a fault?

Answer 27

An area where 2 very large rock surfaces move against each other.

Question 28

What is the epicenter?

Answer 28

The area on the surface of the earth’s crust that is directly above the focus.

Question 29

Name 3 types of faults?

Answer 29

Normal faults, reverse faults, strike slipes/transform faults.

Question 30

How do volcanoes form?

Answer 30

Can be formed when rocks surfaces beneath the earth’s crust push against each other.

Question 31

What is an anticline?

Answer 31

An upfold of rock layers and sedimentary rock.

Question 32

What is a syncline?

Answer 32

A downfold of rock layers and sedimentary rock.

Question 33

What is thrust faulting?

Answer 33

Low angle faulting of rock.

Question 34

What are fault block mountains?

Answer 34

Mountains formed by the process of thrust faulting.

Question 35

What are the 4 eras in geological time scale?

Answer 35

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Precambrian