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BIO 201 Exam 3 > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

refers to atoms and particles from which atoms are made. These are the basic building blocks of any solid, liquid or gas object
-can not be created or destroyed, but atoms can move around to make new object forms and can recombine to make new objects
-plants-get matter from gas in air (CO2 used to make glucose)
-animals-get matter from their food

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2
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work, not an object, property than an object can have, not be created or destroyed but can be changed or transformed into new types of energy
-animals get energy from their food

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3
Q

Sunlight

A

energy source for plants

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4
Q

Tracing matter and energy

A

-matter and energy exist at same time but do not convert into one another and they generate differently
-not created or destroyed or converted into each other
-trace them separately

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5
Q

Human weight loss

A

-losing weight-most of mass was exhaled into the air (CO2)
-fat molecules used as inputs for cellular respiration(moves matter from inside the body to outside the body which causes weight loss)
-cellular respiration keeps energy inside body and makes it available to do work

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6
Q

Animal/plant weight gain

A

carbon and other atoms from food are added to body and used to construct new cells, store fat and make complex molecules

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7
Q

Food

A

large, carbon rich molecules (those with several carbon carbon bonds) that are sources of matter and energy

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8
Q

Food used in body for

A

1) cellular respiration
2) storage
3) tissue building

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9
Q

Food for cellular respiration

A

-for energy
-molecules in food broken down during respiration
-releases energy to power metabolism, transport and movement
-matter removal process

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10
Q

Food for storage

A

-molecules in food covered into starch (plants) or glycogen, fatty acids and fats (animals)
-which are storage molecules that can be inputs for respiration when required
-matter incorporation process

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11
Q

Food for tissue building/growth

A

-molecules in food converted into molecules required for growth of new cells
-matter incorporation process

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12
Q

Making food

A

-input (lots of small low energy molecules, air)+energy from sun–>1 large high energy molecule +leftovers
-sun provides energy to break small molecules and form a large molecule

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13
Q

Glucose used for

A

1) cellular respiration
2) storage
3) tissue building

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14
Q

Photosynthesis output

A

input for cellular respiration

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15
Q

Energy in glucose traced back to

A

energy from the sun

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16
Q

Matter in glucose traced back to

A

matter from air

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17
Q

Relative rates of mass removal and mass incorporation impact

A

whether an organism gains, loses, or maintains weight

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process that makes glucose (food) using matter from the air and energy from the sun
-only in plants

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19
Q

Cellular respiration

A

process that removes matter from the body and makes energy available to the organism to carry out metabolism
causes some energy to be released as heat
-in plants, animals, fungi
-not avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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20
Q

Storage

A

process that incorporates matter from food (glucose) into storage molecules(fat, glycogen, starch) in the body
-in plants, animals, fungi
-avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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21
Q

Tissue building

A

process that incorporates matter from food (glucose) into tissues in the body (muscle, bone, cellulose)
-in plants, animals, fungi
-avaliable for transfer from one organism to another

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22
Q

Patterns of mass change photosynthesis

A

oxygen concentration in air=increased
carbon dioxide concentration in air=decreased
carbon in organism=increased
organisms mass= increased

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23
Q

Patterns of mass change cellular respiration

A

oxygen concentration in air=decreased
carbon dioxide concentration in air=increased
carbon in organism=decreased
organisms mass=decreased

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24
Q

Change in mass inside glass box humans

A

stays the same

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25
Q

Change in mass outside glass box humans

A

generally decreasing

26
Q

Plants change in mass over time no box

A

generally increasing

27
Q

Animals change in mass over time no box

A

generally decreasing

28
Q

Fungus’s change in mass over time no box

A

generally decreasing

29
Q

Community

A

a group of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographic area at the same time

30
Q

Trophic level

A

within a community each species has feeding relationships with other species which determines their role in the food web
-multiple different species can occupy the same trophic level
-most communities have no more than 4-5 levels
-fewer and fewer organisms at each trophic level
-more biomass at lower levels
-10-20% of energy goes to next level, energy lost at each trophic level

31
Q

Food web

A

graphical representation of what eats what’s within a community
-arrow indicates feeding relationship, direction is direction of energy
-when one organism consumes another the matter and energy in the tissue of the food organism is transferred to the organism doing the eating

32
Q

Primary producers

A

most abundant, autotroph (make own matter, energy), everything relies on them
-represents total amount of potential matter and energy in the food web

33
Q

Consumers (primary, secondary, tertiary)

A

heterotrophs(get matter, energy from their food)

34
Q

Metabolic processed (respiration) and uneaten and indigestible biomass

A

limits the amount of energy avaliable to subsequent trophic levels

35
Q

Higher plant diversity and structure leads to

A

-more diverse habitats for organisms
-higher organism abundance and species richness
-more matter and energy stored within organisms
-less energy lost due to respiration
-greater energy flow among organisms
-higher energy use efficiency across the trophic levels

36
Q

Regulating body temperature requires

A

organism to use energy
-cellular respiration makes chemical energy available to the organism to do work of temperature regulation, causes a loss in mass

37
Q

Ecosystem

A

includes both the living and nonliving parts of a community, plants and animals that are interacting with each other in a specific set of nonliving conditions (temp, altitude, humidity)

38
Q

Temperature

A

measure of thermal energy

39
Q

Light energy

A

-energy that is emitted from the sun that can be seen
-initiates photosynthesis by breaking apart CO2 and water
-converted into chemical energy in the bonds of molecules through photosynthesis

40
Q

Chemical energy

A

-energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules, all originated from light energy in sun
-food and fuel has lots of it
-cellular respiration releases chemical energy from food making it available to the organism

41
Q

Thermal energy

A

-energy of moving particles
-known as heat
-causes the property of temperature in organisms, objects and the environment
-chemical energy converted into thermal energy in living organisms during cellular respiration

42
Q

Temperature affect molecules

A

-elevated temperatures break bonds and disrupt shape and function of proteins

43
Q

Temperature affect cells

A

-cold temperatures can freeze cellular water and cause damage to cellular membranes and organelles

44
Q

Poikilotherms

A

-body temperature varies with environment
-primary producers, fungi, invertebrates (insects, mollusks, crustaceans),m reptiles, fish, amphibians
-also called exotherms

45
Q

Homeotherms

A

-maintain constant, regulated body temperature
-mammals and birds
-also called endotherms

46
Q

Cellular responses to change body temperature

A

-both use
poikilotherms- cannot efficiently use heat from respiration to warm their bodies, have cellular level mechanisms (heat shock proteins, antifreeze proteins)
homeotherms- have high respiration rates which is used to warm their bodies

47
Q

Behavior responses to change body temperature

A

-both use
poikilotherms- rely on behavior to change their body temperature, change habitat, evaporative cooling, shivering

48
Q

Hot day

A

plant mass increasing faster

49
Q

Cool sunny day

A

plant mass increasing slowly

50
Q

Assuming no food intake poikilotherms will lose mass faster

A

at warmer temperature than colder temperatures

51
Q

Fungi and animal mass on cold day

A

decreasing slowly

52
Q

Fungi and animal mass on hot day

A

decreasing faster

53
Q

Homeothermic organisms respiration rates under cold conditions

A

faster respiration rates, increases production of heat energy which warms the body, makes energy available to perform cellular reactions that warm the body such as muscle contractions to shiver

54
Q

Poikilothermic organisms respiration rates under warm temperatures

A

respire faster under warm conditions and slower under cold

55
Q

Respiration in poikilotherms at cooler temps

A

slower rates
lose mass faster

56
Q

Respiration in poikilotherms at warm temps

A

faster rates
lose mass faster

57
Q

Respiration in homeotherms at cooler temps

A

faster rates
lose mass faster

58
Q

Respiration in homeotherms at warm temps

A

slower rates
lose mass slower

59
Q

Photosynthesis in autotrophic poikilotherms at cooler temps

A

slower rates
gain mass slower

60
Q

Photosynthesis in autotrophic poikilotherms at warmer temps

A

faster rates
gain mass faster

61
Q

Kelp forest case study

A

warm waters too hot for kelp, couldn’t respond quick enough, whole forest died, urchins had faster respiration rates so needed to eat more, turned into urchin barren

62
Q

Alpine tundra case study

A

during colder years grasses photosynthesize slower so they have less mass, bison need more energy to keep warm, makes mismatch and danger of ecosystem collapse

BIO 201 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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