Unit 5 Flashcards
Agriculture
practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock
Subsistence Agriculture
farming or a system of farming that provides all or almost all the goods required by the farm family usually without any significant surplus for sale
Commercial Agriculture
farming that focuses on producing agricultural products for sale in the market rather than solely for subsistence purposes
Bid-Rent Theory
refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the CBD increases
Intensive Agriculture
both of crop plants and of animals, with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area.
Monoculture
cultivation of one crop
Plantation Agriculture
Human cultivation of plants and animals grown on a large area of land
Extensive Agriculture
Little input on big amount of land
Domestication
The Cultivation of crops
GMOs
Genetically modified organisms, organisms modified by science and chemicals.
Infrastructure
the physical and economic structures that build a city, nation, and economy
Dual Agricultural Economy
An economy that uses move substinence and commercial agriculture
Agribusiness
industries in agriculture that supply, process, distribute, and support the products of agriculture
Vertical Integration
When a company owns multiple stages of a process
Tariffs
A tax on imported and exported goods
Cash Crop
A major crop that is grown for selling instead of individual consumption
Agricultural Landscapes
Deforestation
The mass cutting and chopping down of forest and trees
Reservoirs
A supply or source
Aquifers
Sediment that holds ground water
Salinization
The process where water becomes salty
Debt-For-Nature Swap
A transaction where a country’s debt is paid for through local investments in the ecosystem
Biotechnology
Use of biology to improve health and society
Precision Agriculture
Uses tech to make agriculture more efficient
Food Insecurity
Not having reliable food source or healthy food in reach
Economy of Scale
The bigger the production and company, the more sales and profit
mixed crop and livestock systems
An agricultural system that cultivates both cattle and crops
First Agricultural Revolution
around 12000 years ago, where crop cultivation became more popular and permanent settlements were made
Second Agricultural Revolution
Began in 18th century Great Britain, Increased agricultural yields and profits
Third (Green) Agricultural Revolution
The current agricultural revolution uses GMOs and technology to increase farm yields
fair trade
designed to support smaller farms and famers in developing countries
market gardening
Production of vegetables, fruits, and other plants in a large scaled manner
transhumance
Moving livestock between grazing areas seasonally
