Unit 5 Flashcards
Biosphere
What is life defined by?
the capacity for growth, metabolism, energy transformation, redproduction
What are prokaryotes?
Single celled organisms, such as bacteria and scion bacteria, which are photosynthetic bacteria that are aquatic, and make their own food
What are eukaryotes
Multicelled organisms they have a complex internal structure so animals
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a.k.a. DNA
Carries genetic material, found all organisms exists in the cell nucleus and has two DNA chains connected by bases
Ribonucleic acid, a.k.a. RNA
Involved in protein formation, and is used by DNA to communicate with the surrounding cells
What type of bond does carbon have?
Covalent bond, they share electrons to form pairs
What does bonding oxygen with carbon do?
Releases energy 
What does breaking carbon oxygen bonds do?
It requires energy
Why is energy required for metabolism
Synthesize and breakdown molecules, transport molecules into an out of cells, ingest and breakdown, food, export waste
Why is photosynthesis important?
 releases oxygen in the atmosphere, provides energy for ecosystems, provide carbons needed for organic molecules
What are autotroph
They obtain energy through photosynthesis
What are heterotrophs
They obtain energy by reacting organic carbon with oxygen
What is an ecosystem?
A community of organisms and their abiotic environment
What are the three main ecosystems?
Freshwater, ecosystems, marine, ecosystems, and terrestrial ecosystems
Freshwater ecosystems
Lakes, rivers streams, the least common, has animals, plants, fungi, and prokaryotes
Marine ecosystem
The most common 75% of the air surface. Shallow ocean bio, diverse, coral reefs, ocean water, mainly phytoplankton, but fish and other swimming marine organisms and deep ocean bottom diverse variety of marine organisms no light reaches here.
Terrestrial ecosystems
These are diverse communities of land welling organisms and have been grouped into categories, called biomes
What are the six biomes?
Tropical rainforest, Savannah, subtropical desert, temperate, grasslands, boreal, forest, tundra
Tropical rainforest biome
Found any Qual regions. It’s the most biome diverse with stable, temperature and sunlight and it’s warm.
Savannah biome
Grasslands scattered with trees it’s hot and dry. The plant roots have been adapted to sprout back quickly after a fire.
Subtropical desert biome
Usually associated with mountain ranges it’s very dry and there’s extreme temp fluctuations
Temperate grassland biome
Hot summers, cold winters. The dominant vegetation is grass with few trees.
Boreal forest biome
This is part of the temperate forest biome. It’s the most common biome in North America with a cold, dry winter and short wet summer dominant vegetation is kind of for trees.
Tundra biome
This is a polar biome. It exists above the tree line at high altitudes. It has a very short growing season and vegetation is low line like shrubs and grasses.
What is resistance?
The ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium despite disturbance
What is resilience?
The speed at which an ecosystem recovers to equilibrium after a disturbance
What are the four trophic levels?
Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and Apex or tertiary consumers
Producers
The energy source for majority of earths ecosystems, their photoautotroph, so they convert solar energy to chemical energy or their chemo autotroph, which can convert an organic molecules in the chemical energy
What is gross primary productivity and net primary productivity in producers?
Gross primary productivity is the rate at which solar energy is captured in the sugar, molecules, drilling photosynthesis, and net primary productivity is the energy that remains in the producers after counting for metabolism and heat loss
What is the primordial soup theory?
Massive scale, outgassing of volcanos which put CO2 and N2 into the atmosphere. The simple organic molecules formed in the atmosphere, nitrogen and acid chains were fixed through lightning and nucleotides form in the atmosphere that then rained down onto earth.
What were earths first organisms?
They were prokaryotes, because earth did not have oxygen, they broke down carbohydrates through fermentation and aerobic reposition as oxygen was highly reactive and a poisonous gas to early organisms
How did the atmosphere become oxygen rich?
Photosynthesizing organisms begin to dominate sial bacteria formed dome shaped structures called stromatolites these increased photosynthesis which released increasing amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere
How did you carry its evolve?
Through Endo symbiosis, which is when one prior chaotic cell engulf another the reproduction of the larger cell leaves to the reproduction of internal prokaryotic cell they began to diversify when aerobic reposition evolved
