Unit 5 Flashcards
What are the 3 most widespread agricultural crops?
Corn, wheat, rice
What are the 4 physical factors that affect agriculture?
- Climate (temperature and precipitation)
- Temperature -> length of growing season
- precipitation -> moisture - Elevation
- affects growing season (higher elevation - shorter growing season) - Soil
- determines agricultural potential - Topography
- affects land’s productivity
What is an example of elevation affecting agriculture?
Centrait South America
(Different cultivation opportunities)
Has 5 levels growing diff foods
Level 1: tropical crops
Level 2: veggies coffee etc
Level 3: hardier crops (potatoes)
Level 4: grazing
Level 5 snowline
What is an example of a landscape being modified for better environmental factors?
- Terrace building
- protects soil - Irrigation
- helps with water availability - Adding fertilizer
- nutrients to soil
What are the 4 factors affecting climate?
- Distance from Equator
- determines length of daylight + average temp - Wind and Ocean Currents
- affects temperature and precipitation of an area - Location relative to bodies of water
- affects climate - Elevation
- affects temperature and precipitation
How does ocean current circulation affect the climate? Example?
It circulates warm and cold water
For example.)
Gulf Stream
- warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to Atlantic Ocean
How do wind currents affect the climate?
Wind currents carry air with different temperatures. Also, the wind can affect the precipitation patterns
How does location relative to large bodies of water affect the climate?
Coastal areas tend to have a milder climate
Precipitation is heavier near the coast
How does elevation affect the climate? Example?
Affects the temperature and the amount of precipitation
For example.) Pacific Northwest in US
- temperate rainforests (coastal side)
- dry conditions (Yakima Valley)
What are the 5 different climate regions?
- Tropical
- Dry
- Temperate
- Tundra
- Ice Cap
What is the land use theory? Give an example.
The land use the theory is the theory that explains how farmers use the land.
For example:
From closest to farthest from city
1. Dairying -> intensive farming
2. Forestry -> intensive
3. Grain + wheat
4. Livestock
Give an example of intensive subsistence agriculture going wrong
Southern Africa -> Cyclone Idai
* crops destroyed and starvation
Give 3 examples of farmers modifying their environment to maximize food products
- India - flood rice paddies
- China - terracing
- Dry climate regions - irrigation
What are the 6 types of intensive commercial agriculture?
- Monocropping
- Monoculture
- Crop rotation
- Plantation agriculture
- Market Gardening
- Mixed crops and livestock systems
Where is extensive subsistence agriculture found usually?
In areas where:
1. Environmental is marginal
2. Carrying capacity is low
Where does plantation date back to?
Europe
Spread to areas like:
- Caribbean
- Central South America
- Asia
- Africa
(Specifics)
- Jamaica
- Brazil
- Sri Lanka
What is monocropping good for? Example?
- Specialization
- Efficiency
For ex.)
US Midwest = corn and soybeans
Where is shifting cultivation typically found? (4)
- South America
- Central Africa
- West Africa
- Southeast Asia
Where is slash and burn usually practiced? (4)
- Columbia
- Brazil
- South America
- Papua Guinea
What is group that practices transhumance?
Khoistani people in Afghanistan
-> move livestock
What are examples of semi arid grassland that ranch instead of growing crops? (4)
- American and Canadian west
- Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay in South America
- Australia and New Zealand in Oceania
- Botswana and South Africa in Africa
What are example of areas with an extensive agriculture? (3)
- Amazon Basin
- Central Asia
- US West
What are some examples of areas that practice intensive agriculture? (2)
- China
- US Midwest
Why did domestication happen?
1.) Earth Warming
2.) people adapt to new climate regions (because of environmental stress)
3.) population increase
What were some of the first domestications?
Animals: Sheep and goat
Plants: cereal grains and wild seeds
What are some of the ancient hearths besides the Fertile Crescent?
- Southeast Asia
- Ancient North Central China
- South Asia
- Northern Central America and Southern Mexico
- Andean Heights if Southern Mexico
- East Africa
- West Africa
Maybe? -> Nile River
Why did agriculture flourish in ancient hearths?
1.) fertile soil
2.) availability of water
3.) moderate climate
4.) irrigation system
5.) Organizational skills of residents
6.) Efficient methods of storing seeds
Why did agriculture diffuse?
People migrate (because of conflict, new opportunities, or population pressure)
