Unit 5

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

the lifelong social experiences by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

Question 2

personality

Answer 2

a persons’ fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling

Question 3

freud’s model of personality breaks down into what

Answer 3

id (humain being’s basic drives)
ego (persons consious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society)
super ego (the sultural values and norms internalized by an individual)

Question 4

what are piagets stages of development

Answer 4

1. sensorimotor stage (experiences only through their senses)
2. pre-operational stage (first use language and other symbols)
3. concrete operational stage (first see cuasal connections in their surroundings)
4. formal operational stage (individuals think abstractly and critically)

Question 5

self

Answer 5

the part of an individuals personality composed of self-awearness and self-image

Question 6

looking-glass self

Answer 6

a self-image based on how we think others see us

Question 7

significant others

Answer 7

people who have importance for our socialization

Question 8

generalized others

Answer 8

widespread cultrual norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating our selves

Question 9

peer group

Answer 9

a social group whose memebers have interests, social position, and age in common

Question 10

anticipatory socialization

Answer 10

learning that helps a person acheive a desired possition

Question 11

mass media

Answer 11

the means for delivering impersonal communications directed to a vast audience

Question 12

cohort

Answer 12

a category of people with something in common, usually their age

Question 13

total institution

Answer 13

a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff

Question 14

resocialization

Answer 14

efforts to effect radical change in an inmates personality by carefully controlling the environment.

Question 15

sex

Answer 15

refers to the biological distinction between females and males

Question 16

difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics

Answer 16

primary: is the sex organ used for reproduction
secondary: bodily development that distinguishes biologically mature females and males

Question 17

intersexual people

Answer 17

people whose bodies including genitals, have both female and male characteristics

Question 18

transsexual

Answer 18

people who feel that they are one sex, even though biologically they are the other

Question 19

gender identity

Answer 19

traits that females and males, guided by our culture, incorporate into their personalities

Question 20

incest taboo

Answer 20

a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.

Question 21

gender

Answer 21

the personal traits and social position that members of a society attach to being female or male

Question 22

gender stratification

Answer 22

the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women.

Question 23

patriarchy

Answer 23

a from of social organization in which males dominate females

Question 24

matriarchy

Answer 24

a from of social organization in which females dominate males

Question 25

sexism

Answer 25

the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Question 26

gender roles

Answer 26

attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

Question 27

race

Answer 27

a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important.

Question 28

minority

Answer 28

any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates

Question 29

prejudice

Answer 29

a ridgied and unfair generalization about an entire catergory of people

Question 30

stereotype

Answer 30

a simplified description applied to every person in the same category

Question 31

racism

Answer 31

the belief that on racial category is innately superior or inferior to another