Unit 5 Flashcards
socialization
the lifelong social experiences by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
personality
a persons’ fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling
freud’s model of personality breaks down into what
id (humain being’s basic drives)
ego (persons consious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society)
super ego (the sultural values and norms internalized by an individual)
what are piagets stages of development
- sensorimotor stage (experiences only through their senses)
- pre-operational stage (first use language and other symbols)
- concrete operational stage (first see cuasal connections in their surroundings)
- formal operational stage (individuals think abstractly and critically)
self
the part of an individuals personality composed of self-awearness and self-image
looking-glass self
a self-image based on how we think others see us
significant others
people who have importance for our socialization
generalized others
widespread cultrual norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating our selves
peer group
a social group whose memebers have interests, social position, and age in common
anticipatory socialization
learning that helps a person acheive a desired possition
mass media
the means for delivering impersonal communications directed to a vast audience
cohort
a category of people with something in common, usually their age
total institution
a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff
resocialization
efforts to effect radical change in an inmates personality by carefully controlling the environment.
sex
refers to the biological distinction between females and males
difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics
primary: is the sex organ used for reproduction
secondary: bodily development that distinguishes biologically mature females and males
intersexual people
people whose bodies including genitals, have both female and male characteristics
transsexual
people who feel that they are one sex, even though biologically they are the other
gender identity
traits that females and males, guided by our culture, incorporate into their personalities
incest taboo
a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.
gender
the personal traits and social position that members of a society attach to being female or male
gender stratification
the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women.
patriarchy
a from of social organization in which males dominate females
matriarchy
a from of social organization in which females dominate males
sexism
the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other.
gender roles
attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex
race
a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important.
minority
any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates
prejudice
a ridgied and unfair generalization about an entire catergory of people
stereotype
a simplified description applied to every person in the same category
racism
the belief that on racial category is innately superior or inferior to another
