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AP Government > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

State government is in charge
The Constitution left states in control of elections

A

Federal elections

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2
Q

1870
Race can’t be a barrier to vote

A

15th amendment

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3
Q

Direct election of senators
Gives citizens more power and can choose senators

A

17th amendment

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4
Q

Gave women the right to vote

A

19th amendment

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5
Q

Banned the use of poll taxes

A

24th amendment

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6
Q

1965
Lowered the voting age to 18

A

26th amendment

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7
Q

-rational choice voting
-retrospective voting
-prospective voting
-party - line voting

A

Structural barriers to voting

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8
Q

A person who votes for a candidate whose policies benefit the voter

A

Rational choice voting

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9
Q

*Backwards voting
Based on how the party has done in the past

A

Retrospective voting

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10
Q

*Forward voting
Based on who you believe will handle the most important issues better

A

Prospective voting

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11
Q

*Supporting a party
Voting for candidates from the same party for all public offices

A

Party-line voting

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12
Q

-party identification is the best indicator
-political ideology
-candidate characteristics
-contemporary political issues

A

Voter choice

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13
Q

A person’s belief that they can influence government and politics

A

Political efficacy

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14
Q

Connect people to get to the government and the government to the people

A

Linkage institutions

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15
Q

Focus on candidates as individuals, rather than party indifference

A

Candidate-centered politics

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16
Q

A dramatic shift in party loyalty

A

Critical election

17
Q

Dramatic, long-lasting shifts in party affiliation
-many people change political parties

A

Party realignment

18
Q

A big region of the of the nation switches political parties

A

Regional realignment

19
Q

Decline in party identification and loyalty
-people leave their parties and become independents

A

Party dealignment

20
Q

Candidates are less reliant on the political party for money and are more independent to do as they wish

A

Campaign finance law

21
Q

Organization that attempts to influence public policy

A

Interest groups

22
Q

*Persuade political leaders to support the groups position
- testify at committee hearings
- draft legislation
- pressure legislators/ threaten fundraising support

A

Lobbyists/lobbying

23
Q

People who benefit from a group’s efforts without joining

A

Free rider problem

24
Q

Broad-based efforts to achieve major policy changes

A

Social movements

25
Q

Residents can vote in either party’s primary

A

Open primary

26
Q

Only registered party members can vote
-ex. In Florida you have to register as one party in order to vote in primaries

A

Closed primary

27
Q

A meeting of party members to choose a candidate
(Iowa)

A

Caucus

28
Q

Winner of the presidential office will officially take office as president

A

General elections

29
Q

-Set out to limit amount of money involved in politics
-banned “soft money”
-soft money: contributions to a political party-building purposes, unlimited & unregulated
-“Stand by your Ad”: made people put their name with their ads
-banned direct contributions from corporations to candidates/campaigns

A

Bipartisan campaign reform act of 2002 (BCRA)

30
Q

Supreme Court overruled BCRA including the ban on soft money
- ruled BCRA violated 1st amendment
-political spendings is a form of protected speech
-corporations can’t give money directly to a candidate
-have to create a super PAC
-led to significant increase in money to campaigns

A

Citizens United v.s Federal Elections Commission (F.E.C) (2010) (Supreme Court case)

31
Q

Private, usually set up by an interest group to raise money to elect a candidate

A

Political Action Committee (PAC)

32
Q

*Independent-expenditure-only committee
-corporations can give unlimited amount of money

A

Super PAC

33
Q

The process through which information is filtered for dissemination

A

Gatekeeper

34
Q

The idea of investigative journalism
-reporters uncover problems to make sure things are being properly done in government
-scrutinize and investigate politicians and government

A

Watchdog

35
Q

Focuses on public opinion polls
-citizens may be less informed instead of talking about issues, they focus on the poll
-may lead to bandwagon effect- people might end up voting for whoever is winning

A

Horse race journalism

36
Q

Many seek out sources that appeal to their personal beliefs
-continuously getting our beliefs reinforced instead of being challenged on our viewpoints

A

Ideologically oriented news programming

AP Government (3 decks)

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