Unit 4 Flashcards
Individualism
Each person is responsible for themselves and free to do what they choose
Equality of opportunity
Each person has an opportunity to succeed, however equality of outcome is not guaranteed
Free enterprise
An economic system based mostly on markets and freedom of choice to buy what you want
Rule of law
No one is above the law, regardless of their position
Limited government
Governmental power is limited by the constitution
Political socialization
The process of a person obtaining their political ideology/beliefs
-from family, parents, peers, media
Generational effects
Different voting patterns and political beliefs of people from different generations
-millennials, gen X
Lifestyle effects
People focus on different issues at different points in life
-older people worry more about social security, younger worry about student debt
Globalization
US political culture has both influenced and been influenced by the political values of people from other countries
Public opinion polls
Poll to measure the public opinion on a particular issue
Benchmark polls
Used to find out where a candidate stands before campaigning; learn strengths, weaknesses, what issues to focus on
Tracking poll
A continuous poll to chart changes in opinion over time
-how does support rise of fall to that candidate
Entrance/Exit polls
Taken as people enter/exit polling places on election day
-used to predict election outcome, to gain info into voter behavior, and analyze how different demographic groups voted
Random sample
All persons in population have an equal chance of being selected
Stratified sample
Population is divided into subgroups and weighted based on population demographics
-men/women, democrats/republican
Sampling error
A polling error arising from using only a sample of population
Margin of error
+/- 3% is an acceptable margin of error
Wording of question
Must be neutral/unbiased
Political ideology
Consistent set of political values about the purpose of government
-conservatives, liberals, libertarians
Keynesian economics
Government should stimulate the economy during recessions by increasing government so spending to jumpstart the economy
-more favored by democrats
Supply-side economics
Gov should stimulate the economy during recessions by cutting taxes to encourage encourage businesses to grow and tax payers to so so spend more money
-more favored by Republicans
Free-market economics
Gov should take no action during a recession, the economy will fix itself
-more favored by libertarians
Fiscal policy
Gov tax and spending policies
-conducted by Congress and the president
Monetary policy
**To lower unemployment; lower interest rates and increase money supply
**To lower inflation; raise the interest rates and decrease money supply
-conducted by the federal reserve
-controlling the money supply and interest rates to stabilize the economy
-money supply an and interest rates are inversely related
-this is important because interest rates determine how hard or easy it is for people to borrow money
